Leaders Of The 19th And 20th Century Essay - 1316 Words

A series of historical events has transformed America into a land that grants its citizens more opportunities and allows them to express themselves more freely. John Quincy Adams once said,† If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, you are a leader.† Society will forever be grateful to the many pioneers who courageously embraced major leadership roles and enhanced the quality of life for others. Leaders of the 19th and 20th century appeared to be more aggressive and consistent in their pursuit to implement change. Being an advocate for injustice and ensuring the passing of laws were not sought after to redeem bragging rights; the point was to make life better. Leadership today has taken on a new definition and appearance due to the advancement of technology and lack of knowledge about how far we have come as a newly improved generation. The decisions that one makes rightful intertwine with their leadership style, which rest upon the lessons taught by their mentor and personal experiences. Some of the world’s most influential leaders such as Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., and Winston Churchill will always be distinct leaders who people can model themselves after because of their leadership rituals and strategic tactics. In order to develop more influential leaders, people must educate themselves on past policy makers and how they implemented change. Abraham Lincoln, one of the most discussed Presidents, has earned a lotShow MoreRelatedThe 19th And 20th Century Imperialism1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe 19th and 20th century imperialism was substantially about the exploitation of the empires colonies and thus was not a necessarily an ‘civilizing mission’. 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Online Video Game Is A Game Of Probability For Money Essay

The denotative meaning of gambling as defined by the online dictionary â€Å"is the activity or practice of playing a game of chance for money or other stakes† (Dictionary.com). Online video game is â€Å"a video game which is or can be played over a computer network (now usually the Internet); (later) especially one enabling two or more players to participate simultaneously from different locations† (oxforddictionaries.com). It is imperative to indicate that gambling is an online video game in this regard. Therefore, the connotative meaning of online video gambling in relevance to the above definitions is the perpetual playing of a game of probability for money over the internet with other players participating in the game simultaneously from different location around the world. For one to become a player of the game; an investment usually in the form of money has to be made, and this is where the effects of playing this game come into play-both positive and adverse. Online gambling has not affected the players, but it has also over the affected and changed the traditional casino as to be discussed in the later part of this paper. It is important to divulge that one needs to have a good sense of discipline and functional approach as well as excising optimum mental and financial control in order to harness the positive effects of online gambling video games. These sentiments are supported by the the casinogoto website by stating that â€Å"Everything has its positive and negativeShow MoreRelatedLevel Up, Relationship Down1402 Words   |  6 PagesLevel Up, Relationship Down Imagine having a door shut in your face. That is how it feels when someone ignores you as that person is playing video game. You are on your way home after a long and difficult day at work. The traffic slows you down and adds up the stress to your already-worn-out body. 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Financial Markets Qantas Airways Limited

Question: Discuss about the Financial Markets for Qantas Airways Limited. Answer: Introduction Qantas Airways Limited is the flag carrier Airways commenced its operations since March 1921. The airline has its headquartered in Mascot, New South Wales, Australia. The airline is located in the suburb of Sydney in Mascot and with the main hub at Sydney Airport. Qantas is aiming in providing the services of 22 specialized cargos which is handling terminal of over 15 major gateways port which will be accessed across Australia, with terminal which is dedicated in the Los Angeles. Qantas freights are having 13 aircraft of the supplements of destination with export and import in and around Australia. Qantas Freight has number of carrier on the logistic specialization. Qantas has many carriers with specialization in logistics all around the world. Qantas is specialized in carrying Express Freighters Australia (EFA), JETS Transport Express and Qantas Courier New Zealand. Qantas has many subsidiaries which are Qantas Link, Jet Star Airways, Jet Connect, Network Aviation, Qantas Freight, A ustralia Air Express, Qantas Holidays and various others. The subsidiaries aim at providing services in Australia and New Zealand which will be flying under the Qantas and also owing to Jet Star Airways and an airline which are cheap and operating from the services internationally under the domestic services between New Zealand and Australia. Qantas is frequently flying services aiming in rewarding the loyalty of the customer. It is getting the points based on the distance flown with bonus varying by the class of travel. Qantas is also providing facilities of Qantas club and lounges for its employees and passengers (Qantas.com.2016). Virgin Australia Holding Limited is public listed Australian airline company who owes and operates Virgin Australia and Tigerair Australia. The company was previously operating on the airlines of the Pacific Blue Airlines which was in a joint venture with Polynesian Airlines (Virgin. 2016). It has its headquarters in Bowen Hills, Brisbane, Australia. In was founded in the year 2000. Some of the subsidiaries of Virgin are Tigerair Australia, Virgin Australia, Virgin Australian Airlines, Virgin Samoa and some more. Chairman of this airline is Elizabeth Bryan and Chief Executive Officer is John Borghetti. Virgin Blue Holdings was formed as a wholly owned subsidiary in the year 2000 of Virgin Group. In the year 2003, Virgin Blue Holdings Limited entered into the ASX because Virgin Group was going to sell, some its holdings. In 2005, Virgin launched a takeover of the hostile in the Australia with 62% holding in the company. In the year 2008, the company announced for the distribution of 9 8.3% of the share to the shareholders of the company and by not remaining in the majority of the holding. During the phase of toll holding, 62.7% of the holdings were attempted for selling the shares for the no availing content was left over. In the year 2012, Etihad Airways had purchased 10% shareholdings to 20% then further on the same year there was next purchase of 10% of the Virgine Holdings by Singapore Airlines. Further on October 2012, Tiger Airways Australia 60% of the holdings was purchased by the Virgin Group. In January 2011, 15% of the Virgin Blue Holdings was purchased by Air New Zealand then by the June 2013 the holdings was increased by 23%. Top down Analysis Top down analysis is process which looks for a big picture of with details of components of smaller. Top down approach is very necessary for breaking down system for achieving profit in the organization (Bierman Jr and Smidt 2012). Top down approach is also called stepwise design and in some of the cases is of the decomposition. The analysis will be conducted on the trend of the of the macro environment of the economic. Top down analysis is the investment approach, which is including a large picture of the market. Top down analysis is determined with the help of Total market estimation. Top-down analysis is done by the fundamental analysis, based on Economic Analysis, Industry Analysis and Company analysis (Vyatkina et al., 2016). For conducting economic analysis comparison will be done with Interest rate structure and GDP growth which will be affecting the above two Airlines. Industry analysis will be conducted through Demand-supply structure and exchange rate effect. Company analysis will be conducted through analysis of dividend and returns (Fornelli et al., 2013). Let us consider the economic analysis first, in respect of economic analysis, an interest rate of the Qantas borrowings has been increased from 5.7% to 6.3%. Whereas, Virgin Holdings Limited has much lower interest rates of borrowings which is 2.8% in 2014 and 3.99% in 2015 (Tvardovskiy et al., 2015). Though the interest rate has increased individually but if the comparison is made then Virgin is getting advantage of due to difference in the interest rate (Guerrero et al., 2015). Similarly, if GDP factor is looked into it is observed that Qantas is providing employment opportunity to 28,622 employees has been working until the year 2015, whereas Virgin is providing 50,000 employment opportunities to the people of Australia. From the above analysis is proved that Virgin is in the front line of economic analysis as compared to Qantas (Lee et al., 2016). Further, moving on with Industry Analysis, the analysis will be made of demand-supply and exchange rate effect of Qantas and Virgin Airlines Holdings (Mao et al., 2013). During the world II, some of the supply of Qantas was dropped in the level of the treetop. After the postwar expansion, it gradually increased there was an increase in the supply of the company which can be seen by observing the increasing trend of sales per year (Piotroski and So 2012). Similarly, if Virgin is looked into the trend is same as to Qantas there is an increase in the supply of the airline's services. Next analysis is the effect of an exchange rate. Qantas had total gains of due in hedging of unrealized gains on long term debt as $ 12 million in 2015 and $ 54 million in 2014. Whereas, Virgin had suffered from loss of fuel which arises due to hedging of activities which was $129.4 million in the year 2015 and on which $ 106.7 million was the unrealized amount because of hedging. This proves that Qantas h as been the front line in the factor of exchange rate mechanism (Bartram and Grinblatt 2015). Finally moving on with the company analysis the factor of dividend and return has to be looked into in the above two airline (Goodman et al., 2013). Qantas has not paid final dividend and neither interim, instead of that there was declaration of and payment of non-controlling interest to the shareholders, who non-wholly owned the controlled entities $ 4 million in 2015 and $ 1 million on 2014. Virgin too had similar case in respect of dividend; there was not any existence of final dividend and neither the interim (Geis-Asteggiante et al., 2015). Instead, there was distribution of equity which was $ 17.8 million in the form of payment to the non-controlling interest holder during the year. Further moving on with the return on investment factor it is seen that Qantas achieved a return of 16.2% in 2015 and 1.5% in 2014. Whereas Virgin is taken into consideration, there has been decreasing in the percentage of return from 30% to 10%. In this context, Qantas has been the ruler in giving h ighest return to its shareholder (Breyer et al., 2013). Bottom up Analysis Bottom up analysis is determined on the calculation of the estimation of the sales which are potential in the market. Bottom down analysis is broad sector in the economic environment and is based on the factor affecting the company stock on the basis of business cycle of the business. It does not look into macro environment of the company. Bottom down analysis is the basically quantitative analysis. Bottom down analysis is done only to analyze the financial position in terms of figures (Bierman Jr and Smidt 2012). Bottom up analysis is done on the basis few accounting ratios and some of the budgeting factor. Accounting ratio includes computation of Current ratio, Quick ratio, Net Profit Margin Ratio and Return of Asset Ratio (Parker and Vannest 2012). Whereas, Capital budgeting techniques includes Net Present Value, Profitability Index, Annual Percentage Rate and Pay Back Period. All the above computations have been done by data present in the annual report of the respective companies (Hu et al., 2012). First, let us look into the Accounting Ratios which are given as follows: Current Ratio Qantas has current ratio 0.66 in 2014 and 0.68 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has 0.64 in 2014 and 0.69 in 2015. Current Ratio is calculated by total current assets divided by total current liabilities. Current ratio depicts cash available to the company for paying the long-term debt in liability. Current ratio interprets the liquidity position of the firm. Virgin has comparatively better position than Qantas in respect of paying long term debt in the category of current liability. But Qantas position in the year 2014 was comparatively better than that of Virgin because in the year 2014. Qantas ability for paying the long-term debts in respect of current liabilities was much high. On the present analysis, it will be said that Virgin is the better player in respect of paying the debts (Uechi et al., 2015). Quick Ratio - Qantas has quick ratio 0.56 in 2014 and 0.52 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has 0.57 in 2014 and 0.58 in 2015. Quick ratio is calculated by current asset divided by current liabilities by excluding the inventories form the current asset. Quick ratio depicts the position of the company in terms of cash available to be converted into cash. Virgin has comparatively better position than Qantas in respect of available cash for the transformation of Asset. But if the overall scenario, it has been observed that Qantas position has tremendously decreased that too with large difference. Qantas do not have sufficient amount of cash available as compared to Virgin for transforming into assets (Hrl et al., 2013). Net Profit Margin ratio - Qantas has Net Profit Margin Ratio -0.19 in 2014 and 0.04 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has -0.09 in 2014 and -0.06 in 2015. Net Profit Margin ratio is calculated by Net income/ loss divided by the net credit sales. In this context, Qantas has become the ruler regarding generating profit and effectively making use of resources available in the company. Virgin has been continuously facing loss for long span of time. On the prior year, Qantas has faced loss but proceeding further with the operations it has recovered from the situation of facing loss. But if a close look is given to the ratio, Virgin loss for the current year have decreased, which shows an indication of gradually improving the situation (Drivelos and Georgiou 2012). Return on Asset - Qantas has Return on Asset -0.15 in 2014 and 0.03 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has -0.09 in 2014 and -0.02 in 2015. Return on asset is calculated by Net income or loss divided by average of the total asset. In this context, Qantas has become the ruler regarding managing the assets for the producing the profit. Qantas has tremendously increased it return on assets from -0.15 to 0.03, Whereas; Virgin is still in the negative place. Virgin should not be ignored totally in these respects slowly and gradually it is moving decreasing the negative return. Qantas is effectively utilizing the assets for generating profit for the company (Bierman and Smidt 2012). Now moving on with some of the techniques of capital budgeting, the analyses for those are as follows: Net Present Value NPV is calculated as difference between present value of cash inflows and outflows. NPV of Qantas is 9,70,64,239 $ and Virgin is 2,47,72,244 $. It implies that there will be acceptability of Qantas because it has highest NPV. NPV shows acceptability of the project regarding measuring the present value of cash inflow and outflow. It is also helpful in analyzing the profitability of the projected investment. In the above point, Qantas is the ruler (Hayward et al., 2016). Annual Percentage Rate Qantas has a negative balance of finance cost in both the year. So there will be no APR in the case of Qantas because it has no borrowings. Whereas, Virgin has very high APR which shows that Virgin is very much liable for paying its return regarding loan taken by the company (Grob 2013). Profitability Index Profitability index is a somewhat modification of the NPV; it implies to be accepted if the PI calculated is greater than one and terms to be rejected if it is less than one or zero. Form the calculation done it has been observed that PI of Virgin is comparatively much higher than of Qantas in both the years. So in the respect acceptance, Virgin is accepted for doing the investment (Andor et al., 2015). Pay Back Period - Pay Back Period implies that the time taken to recover the cost of the investment done on the project. In this Virgin stands to be ruler for the recovery of the cost, for the investment done. Virgins Pay Back Period is the highest as compared to the Qantas (Saxena 2015). Recommendation Overall analysis of the report is seen that Virgin has comparatively better position in respect of providing liquidity, the acceptability of the project on return, payback period and profitability index. Qantas has proven to be the winner in doing the comparison related to performance of the company. Through the Top down Analysis it has been observed Qantas is in the better position for doing the further improvement in the company position. Further, it is also recommended that company Qantas should fulfill the requirement of payment of dividend to its investor because it is one of the important factors which is expected by the investors. If Virgin recovers the loss of the company, then it can be become the ruler of the market. Further, it is recommended that Virgin should make proper use of its assets regarding generating profit. From the bottom analysis, it has been observed that Virgin needs to increase its return on the equity otherwise, the investors with withdrawing their inves tment for the company. The financial position of the two companies depicts that Virgin is continuously facing the loss in the respect of Net income or loss achieved by the company, whereas Qantas has comparatively better position in the in terms of generating the profit for the company. So in this respect Virgin should find way to improve the position of the company by incurring income for the company. In terms of depicting the assets of the company Virgin is in the front line for getting advantage, whereas Qantas shows position, which is comparatively low show it needs to improve the position further. Highest return is the only thing which an investor looks. Further it is suggested that Virgin should increase it amount of assets so that it can fully utilize its asset for the generation of the profit. The overall top down analysis and bottom up analysis has been fully completed to its requirement. Reference list Andor, G., Mohanty, S.K. and Toth, T., 2015. Capital budgeting practices: a survey of Central and Eastern European firms.Emerging Markets Review,23, pp.148-172. Bartram, S.M. and Grinblatt, M., 2015. Fundamental Analysis Works.Available at SSRN 2479817. Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012.The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Breyer, C., Birkner, C., Meiss, J., Goldschmidt, J.C. and Riede, M. 2013, "A top-down analysis: Determining photovoltaics RD investments from patent analysis and RD headcount",Energy Policy,vol. 62, pp. 1570-1580. capital budgeting2016, , 6th edn, Oxford University Press. Capital budgeting 2016 Drivelos, S.A. and Georgiou, C.A., 2012. Multi-element and multi-isotope-ratio analysis to determine the geographical origin of foods in the European Union.TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,40, pp.38-51. Fornelli, L., Parra, J., Hartmer, R., Stoermer, C., Lubeck, M. and Tsybin, Y.O., 2013. Top-down analysis of 3080 kDa proteins by electron transfer dissociation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,405(26), pp.8505-8514. Geis-Asteggiante, L., Dhabaria, A., Edwards, N., Ostrand-Rosenberg, S. and Fenselau, C. 2015, "Topdown analysis of low mass proteins in exosomes shed by murine myeloid-derived suppressor cells",International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,vol. 378, pp. 264-269. Goodman, T.H., Neamtiu, M. and Zhang, F., 2013. Fundamental analysis and option returns.Available at SSRN 1974753. Grob, H.L., 2013.Capital budgeting with financial plans: an introduction. Springer-Verlag. Guerrero, A., Lerno, L., Barile, D. and Lebrilla, C.B., 2015. Top-down analysis of highly post-translationally modified peptides by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry,26(3), pp.453-459. Hayward, M., Caldwell, A., Steen, J., Gow, D. and Liesch, P., 2016. Entrepreneurs' Capital Budgeting Orientations and Innovation Outputs: Evidence From Australian Biotechnology Firms.Long Range Planning. Hrl, M., Schnidder, J., Sauer, U. and Zamboni, N., 2013. Non stationary 13C metabolic flux ratio analysis.Biotechnology and bioengineering,110(12), pp.3164-3176. Hu, Z., Liu, Y., Gao, S., Liu, W., Zhang, W., Tong, X., Lin, L., Zong, K., Li, M., Chen, H. and Zhou, L., 2012. Improved in situ Hf isotope ratio analysis of zircon using newly designed X skimmer cone and jet sample cone in combination with the addition of nitrogen by laser ablation multiple collector ICP-MS.Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,27(9), pp.1391-1399. Lee, A.E., Geis Asteggiante, L., Dixon, E.K., Miller, M., Wang, Y., Fushman, D. and Fenselau, C., 2016. Preparing to read the ubiquitin code: top down analysis of unanchored ubiquitin tetramers.Journal of Mass Spectrometry,51(8), pp.629-637. Mao, Y., Valeja, S.G., Rouse, J.C., Hendrickson, C.L. and Marshall, A.G., 2013. Top-down structural analysis of an intact monoclonal antibody by electron capture dissociation-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry.Analytical chemistry,85(9), pp.4239-4246. Parker, R.I. and Vannest, K.J., 2012. Bottom-up analysis of single-case research designs.Journal of Behavioral Education,21(3), pp.254-265. Piotroski, J.D. and So, E.C., 2012. Identifying expectation errors in value/glamour strategies: A fundamental analysis approach.Review of Financial Studies, p.hhs061. Qantas.com. (2016).Flights to Australia | Australia travel | Qantas. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/home/in/en [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Saxena, A.K. 2015, "Capital budgeting principles: bridging theory and practice",Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal,vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 283. 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Volkswagen Company Analysis Essays - Transport, Volkswagen Group

Volkswagen Company Analysis Executive Summary Company description goals The Volkswagen Group with its headquarters in Wolfsburg is one of the world?s leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmaker in Europe. in Western Europe, the largest car market in the world, just over one in five new cars (20.3 percent) comes from the Volkswagen Group. Group sales rose in 2008 to 113.8 billion euros (2007: 108.9 billion). Profit after tax in the 2008 financial year amounted to 4.69 billion euros (2007: 4.12 billion). The Group operates 60 production plants in fifteen European countries and a further six countries in the Americas, Asia and Africa. Around the world, nearly 370,000 employees produce more than 26,600 vehicles or are involved in vehicle-related services each working day. The Volkswagen Group sells its vehicles in more than 150 countries. Company goals It is the goal of the Group to offer attractive, safe and environmentally sound vehicles which are competitive on an increasingly tough market and which set world standards in their respective classes. Another goal of Volkswagen is to double their sales by advancing their brand image by making the services more reliable to our customers. Winfried Vahland, the Wolfsburg, Germany-based company president, stated: ?We plan to add or renew at least four models per year and double the number of dealership to achieve our sales target?. Unique features of the business ?The people want safety standards to be standard?. This motto shows the ability of VW to gain consumer loyalty. High safety standards, attractive look, and pro-environmental features are fundamental keys of the company?s market success. Some unique features of VW are: 1.Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP) 2.Tire Pressure Monitoring System 3.Nappa leather seating surfaces with Vavona wood interior trim 4.Halogen reflector lens fog lights 5.Climatronic dual zone and auto-climate control 6.Exterior side mirrors with memory 7.6-speed automatic 8.Recyclable materials 9. Most fuel efficient cars Why we chose this corporation Volkswagen is the giant of the car industry. It is the most successful corporation in this industry. We, as a group, found this corporation very exciting to explore because of their economic status and their power in this industry. We found it challenging how the corporation operates in terms of their market strategies and relationships with consumers. Most important issue facing the corporation The most important issue facing the corporation today is producing cars that are more environmental. This gives us room for understanding the corporation?s purpose to build cars that release fewer emissions and are more economical in a sense of spending less fuel. Business Mission & Vision Mission Corporation?s mission is to provide services that differentiate our brand from other brands by producing automobiles that are qualitative, safer, more efficient and environmental. As we know, the world is facing its worst obstacle which is pollution. Corporation?s future plan towards environment protection is to reduce the exhaust emission of nitrous oxide and soot particles, and make cars independent of fossil fuels. Vision Corporation?s vision is to use different techniques to make it reliable for customers to evaluate our product line; furthermore, starting with perception quality, then perception of satisfaction, emotional attachment, overall experience, and willingness to be advocate of the brand. These techniques get us closer to our customers. By knowing their needs, we as a corporation make a product line able for them to fulfill their desires. The vision of our corporation is sustainable above those criteria?s of the new ownership experiences. Principles & Values With the signing of Johannesburg sustainability summit, Volkswagen joined the Global Compact. By this summit the corporations renewed the principles, which are: ?Principle 1: Business should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights ?Principle 2: Business must ensure their own corporations are not complicit in human right abuses ?Principle 3: Business should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining ?Principle 4: Business should support the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor ?Principle 5: Business should support the effective abolition of child labor ?Principle 6: Business should support the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation ?Principle 7: Business should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges ?Principle 8: Business should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility ?Principle 9: Business should encourage the development and diffusion of environmental friendly technologies ?Principle 10: Business should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery Values of