Leaders Of The 19th And 20th Century Essay - 1316 Words

A series of historical events has transformed America into a land that grants its citizens more opportunities and allows them to express themselves more freely. John Quincy Adams once said,† If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, you are a leader.† Society will forever be grateful to the many pioneers who courageously embraced major leadership roles and enhanced the quality of life for others. Leaders of the 19th and 20th century appeared to be more aggressive and consistent in their pursuit to implement change. Being an advocate for injustice and ensuring the passing of laws were not sought after to redeem bragging rights; the point was to make life better. Leadership today has taken on a new definition and appearance due to the advancement of technology and lack of knowledge about how far we have come as a newly improved generation. The decisions that one makes rightful intertwine with their leadership style, which rest upon the lessons taught by their mentor and personal experiences. Some of the world’s most influential leaders such as Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., and Winston Churchill will always be distinct leaders who people can model themselves after because of their leadership rituals and strategic tactics. In order to develop more influential leaders, people must educate themselves on past policy makers and how they implemented change. Abraham Lincoln, one of the most discussed Presidents, has earned a lotShow MoreRelatedThe 19th And 20th Century Imperialism1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe 19th and 20th century imperialism was substantially about the exploitation of the empires colonies and thus was not a necessarily an ‘civilizing mission’. 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Online Video Game Is A Game Of Probability For Money Essay

The denotative meaning of gambling as defined by the online dictionary â€Å"is the activity or practice of playing a game of chance for money or other stakes† (Dictionary.com). Online video game is â€Å"a video game which is or can be played over a computer network (now usually the Internet); (later) especially one enabling two or more players to participate simultaneously from different locations† (oxforddictionaries.com). It is imperative to indicate that gambling is an online video game in this regard. Therefore, the connotative meaning of online video gambling in relevance to the above definitions is the perpetual playing of a game of probability for money over the internet with other players participating in the game simultaneously from different location around the world. For one to become a player of the game; an investment usually in the form of money has to be made, and this is where the effects of playing this game come into play-both positive and adverse. Online gambling has not affected the players, but it has also over the affected and changed the traditional casino as to be discussed in the later part of this paper. It is important to divulge that one needs to have a good sense of discipline and functional approach as well as excising optimum mental and financial control in order to harness the positive effects of online gambling video games. These sentiments are supported by the the casinogoto website by stating that â€Å"Everything has its positive and negativeShow MoreRelatedLevel Up, Relationship Down1402 Words   |  6 PagesLevel Up, Relationship Down Imagine having a door shut in your face. That is how it feels when someone ignores you as that person is playing video game. You are on your way home after a long and difficult day at work. The traffic slows you down and adds up the stress to your already-worn-out body. 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Financial Markets Qantas Airways Limited

Question: Discuss about the Financial Markets for Qantas Airways Limited. Answer: Introduction Qantas Airways Limited is the flag carrier Airways commenced its operations since March 1921. The airline has its headquartered in Mascot, New South Wales, Australia. The airline is located in the suburb of Sydney in Mascot and with the main hub at Sydney Airport. Qantas is aiming in providing the services of 22 specialized cargos which is handling terminal of over 15 major gateways port which will be accessed across Australia, with terminal which is dedicated in the Los Angeles. Qantas freights are having 13 aircraft of the supplements of destination with export and import in and around Australia. Qantas Freight has number of carrier on the logistic specialization. Qantas has many carriers with specialization in logistics all around the world. Qantas is specialized in carrying Express Freighters Australia (EFA), JETS Transport Express and Qantas Courier New Zealand. Qantas has many subsidiaries which are Qantas Link, Jet Star Airways, Jet Connect, Network Aviation, Qantas Freight, A ustralia Air Express, Qantas Holidays and various others. The subsidiaries aim at providing services in Australia and New Zealand which will be flying under the Qantas and also owing to Jet Star Airways and an airline which are cheap and operating from the services internationally under the domestic services between New Zealand and Australia. Qantas is frequently flying services aiming in rewarding the loyalty of the customer. It is getting the points based on the distance flown with bonus varying by the class of travel. Qantas is also providing facilities of Qantas club and lounges for its employees and passengers (Qantas.com.2016). Virgin Australia Holding Limited is public listed Australian airline company who owes and operates Virgin Australia and Tigerair Australia. The company was previously operating on the airlines of the Pacific Blue Airlines which was in a joint venture with Polynesian Airlines (Virgin. 2016). It has its headquarters in Bowen Hills, Brisbane, Australia. In was founded in the year 2000. Some of the subsidiaries of Virgin are Tigerair Australia, Virgin Australia, Virgin Australian Airlines, Virgin Samoa and some more. Chairman of this airline is Elizabeth Bryan and Chief Executive Officer is John Borghetti. Virgin Blue Holdings was formed as a wholly owned subsidiary in the year 2000 of Virgin Group. In the year 2003, Virgin Blue Holdings Limited entered into the ASX because Virgin Group was going to sell, some its holdings. In 2005, Virgin launched a takeover of the hostile in the Australia with 62% holding in the company. In the year 2008, the company announced for the distribution of 9 8.3% of the share to the shareholders of the company and by not remaining in the majority of the holding. During the phase of toll holding, 62.7% of the holdings were attempted for selling the shares for the no availing content was left over. In the year 2012, Etihad Airways had purchased 10% shareholdings to 20% then further on the same year there was next purchase of 10% of the Virgine Holdings by Singapore Airlines. Further on October 2012, Tiger Airways Australia 60% of the holdings was purchased by the Virgin Group. In January 2011, 15% of the Virgin Blue Holdings was purchased by Air New Zealand then by the June 2013 the holdings was increased by 23%. Top down Analysis Top down analysis is process which looks for a big picture of with details of components of smaller. Top down approach is very necessary for breaking down system for achieving profit in the organization (Bierman Jr and Smidt 2012). Top down approach is also called stepwise design and in some of the cases is of the decomposition. The analysis will be conducted on the trend of the of the macro environment of the economic. Top down analysis is the investment approach, which is including a large picture of the market. Top down analysis is determined with the help of Total market estimation. Top-down analysis is done by the fundamental analysis, based on Economic Analysis, Industry Analysis and Company analysis (Vyatkina et al., 2016). For conducting economic analysis comparison will be done with Interest rate structure and GDP growth which will be affecting the above two Airlines. Industry analysis will be conducted through Demand-supply structure and exchange rate effect. Company analysis will be conducted through analysis of dividend and returns (Fornelli et al., 2013). Let us consider the economic analysis first, in respect of economic analysis, an interest rate of the Qantas borrowings has been increased from 5.7% to 6.3%. Whereas, Virgin Holdings Limited has much lower interest rates of borrowings which is 2.8% in 2014 and 3.99% in 2015 (Tvardovskiy et al., 2015). Though the interest rate has increased individually but if the comparison is made then Virgin is getting advantage of due to difference in the interest rate (Guerrero et al., 2015). Similarly, if GDP factor is looked into it is observed that Qantas is providing employment opportunity to 28,622 employees has been working until the year 2015, whereas Virgin is providing 50,000 employment opportunities to the people of Australia. From the above analysis is proved that Virgin is in the front line of economic analysis as compared to Qantas (Lee et al., 2016). Further, moving on with Industry Analysis, the analysis will be made of demand-supply and exchange rate effect of Qantas and Virgin Airlines Holdings (Mao et al., 2013). During the world II, some of the supply of Qantas was dropped in the level of the treetop. After the postwar expansion, it gradually increased there was an increase in the supply of the company which can be seen by observing the increasing trend of sales per year (Piotroski and So 2012). Similarly, if Virgin is looked into the trend is same as to Qantas there is an increase in the supply of the airline's services. Next analysis is the effect of an exchange rate. Qantas had total gains of due in hedging of unrealized gains on long term debt as $ 12 million in 2015 and $ 54 million in 2014. Whereas, Virgin had suffered from loss of fuel which arises due to hedging of activities which was $129.4 million in the year 2015 and on which $ 106.7 million was the unrealized amount because of hedging. This proves that Qantas h as been the front line in the factor of exchange rate mechanism (Bartram and Grinblatt 2015). Finally moving on with the company analysis the factor of dividend and return has to be looked into in the above two airline (Goodman et al., 2013). Qantas has not paid final dividend and neither interim, instead of that there was declaration of and payment of non-controlling interest to the shareholders, who non-wholly owned the controlled entities $ 4 million in 2015 and $ 1 million on 2014. Virgin too had similar case in respect of dividend; there was not any existence of final dividend and neither the interim (Geis-Asteggiante et al., 2015). Instead, there was distribution of equity which was $ 17.8 million in the form of payment to the non-controlling interest holder during the year. Further moving on with the return on investment factor it is seen that Qantas achieved a return of 16.2% in 2015 and 1.5% in 2014. Whereas Virgin is taken into consideration, there has been decreasing in the percentage of return from 30% to 10%. In this context, Qantas has been the ruler in giving h ighest return to its shareholder (Breyer et al., 2013). Bottom up Analysis Bottom up analysis is determined on the calculation of the estimation of the sales which are potential in the market. Bottom down analysis is broad sector in the economic environment and is based on the factor affecting the company stock on the basis of business cycle of the business. It does not look into macro environment of the company. Bottom down analysis is the basically quantitative analysis. Bottom down analysis is done only to analyze the financial position in terms of figures (Bierman Jr and Smidt 2012). Bottom up analysis is done on the basis few accounting ratios and some of the budgeting factor. Accounting ratio includes computation of Current ratio, Quick ratio, Net Profit Margin Ratio and Return of Asset Ratio (Parker and Vannest 2012). Whereas, Capital budgeting techniques includes Net Present Value, Profitability Index, Annual Percentage Rate and Pay Back Period. All the above computations have been done by data present in the annual report of the respective companies (Hu et al., 2012). First, let us look into the Accounting Ratios which are given as follows: Current Ratio Qantas has current ratio 0.66 in 2014 and 0.68 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has 0.64 in 2014 and 0.69 in 2015. Current Ratio is calculated by total current assets divided by total current liabilities. Current ratio depicts cash available to the company for paying the long-term debt in liability. Current ratio interprets the liquidity position of the firm. Virgin has comparatively better position than Qantas in respect of paying long term debt in the category of current liability. But Qantas position in the year 2014 was comparatively better than that of Virgin because in the year 2014. Qantas ability for paying the long-term debts in respect of current liabilities was much high. On the present analysis, it will be said that Virgin is the better player in respect of paying the debts (Uechi et al., 2015). Quick Ratio - Qantas has quick ratio 0.56 in 2014 and 0.52 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has 0.57 in 2014 and 0.58 in 2015. Quick ratio is calculated by current asset divided by current liabilities by excluding the inventories form the current asset. Quick ratio depicts the position of the company in terms of cash available to be converted into cash. Virgin has comparatively better position than Qantas in respect of available cash for the transformation of Asset. But if the overall scenario, it has been observed that Qantas position has tremendously decreased that too with large difference. Qantas do not have sufficient amount of cash available as compared to Virgin for transforming into assets (Hrl et al., 2013). Net Profit Margin ratio - Qantas has Net Profit Margin Ratio -0.19 in 2014 and 0.04 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has -0.09 in 2014 and -0.06 in 2015. Net Profit Margin ratio is calculated by Net income/ loss divided by the net credit sales. In this context, Qantas has become the ruler regarding generating profit and effectively making use of resources available in the company. Virgin has been continuously facing loss for long span of time. On the prior year, Qantas has faced loss but proceeding further with the operations it has recovered from the situation of facing loss. But if a close look is given to the ratio, Virgin loss for the current year have decreased, which shows an indication of gradually improving the situation (Drivelos and Georgiou 2012). Return on Asset - Qantas has Return on Asset -0.15 in 2014 and 0.03 in 2015, whereas, Virgin has -0.09 in 2014 and -0.02 in 2015. Return on asset is calculated by Net income or loss divided by average of the total asset. In this context, Qantas has become the ruler regarding managing the assets for the producing the profit. Qantas has tremendously increased it return on assets from -0.15 to 0.03, Whereas; Virgin is still in the negative place. Virgin should not be ignored totally in these respects slowly and gradually it is moving decreasing the negative return. Qantas is effectively utilizing the assets for generating profit for the company (Bierman and Smidt 2012). Now moving on with some of the techniques of capital budgeting, the analyses for those are as follows: Net Present Value NPV is calculated as difference between present value of cash inflows and outflows. NPV of Qantas is 9,70,64,239 $ and Virgin is 2,47,72,244 $. It implies that there will be acceptability of Qantas because it has highest NPV. NPV shows acceptability of the project regarding measuring the present value of cash inflow and outflow. It is also helpful in analyzing the profitability of the projected investment. In the above point, Qantas is the ruler (Hayward et al., 2016). Annual Percentage Rate Qantas has a negative balance of finance cost in both the year. So there will be no APR in the case of Qantas because it has no borrowings. Whereas, Virgin has very high APR which shows that Virgin is very much liable for paying its return regarding loan taken by the company (Grob 2013). Profitability Index Profitability index is a somewhat modification of the NPV; it implies to be accepted if the PI calculated is greater than one and terms to be rejected if it is less than one or zero. Form the calculation done it has been observed that PI of Virgin is comparatively much higher than of Qantas in both the years. So in the respect acceptance, Virgin is accepted for doing the investment (Andor et al., 2015). Pay Back Period - Pay Back Period implies that the time taken to recover the cost of the investment done on the project. In this Virgin stands to be ruler for the recovery of the cost, for the investment done. Virgins Pay Back Period is the highest as compared to the Qantas (Saxena 2015). Recommendation Overall analysis of the report is seen that Virgin has comparatively better position in respect of providing liquidity, the acceptability of the project on return, payback period and profitability index. Qantas has proven to be the winner in doing the comparison related to performance of the company. Through the Top down Analysis it has been observed Qantas is in the better position for doing the further improvement in the company position. Further, it is also recommended that company Qantas should fulfill the requirement of payment of dividend to its investor because it is one of the important factors which is expected by the investors. If Virgin recovers the loss of the company, then it can be become the ruler of the market. Further, it is recommended that Virgin should make proper use of its assets regarding generating profit. From the bottom analysis, it has been observed that Virgin needs to increase its return on the equity otherwise, the investors with withdrawing their inves tment for the company. The financial position of the two companies depicts that Virgin is continuously facing the loss in the respect of Net income or loss achieved by the company, whereas Qantas has comparatively better position in the in terms of generating the profit for the company. So in this respect Virgin should find way to improve the position of the company by incurring income for the company. In terms of depicting the assets of the company Virgin is in the front line for getting advantage, whereas Qantas shows position, which is comparatively low show it needs to improve the position further. Highest return is the only thing which an investor looks. Further it is suggested that Virgin should increase it amount of assets so that it can fully utilize its asset for the generation of the profit. The overall top down analysis and bottom up analysis has been fully completed to its requirement. Reference list Andor, G., Mohanty, S.K. and Toth, T., 2015. Capital budgeting practices: a survey of Central and Eastern European firms.Emerging Markets Review,23, pp.148-172. Bartram, S.M. and Grinblatt, M., 2015. Fundamental Analysis Works.Available at SSRN 2479817. Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012.The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Breyer, C., Birkner, C., Meiss, J., Goldschmidt, J.C. and Riede, M. 2013, "A top-down analysis: Determining photovoltaics RD investments from patent analysis and RD headcount",Energy Policy,vol. 62, pp. 1570-1580. capital budgeting2016, , 6th edn, Oxford University Press. Capital budgeting 2016 Drivelos, S.A. and Georgiou, C.A., 2012. Multi-element and multi-isotope-ratio analysis to determine the geographical origin of foods in the European Union.TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,40, pp.38-51. Fornelli, L., Parra, J., Hartmer, R., Stoermer, C., Lubeck, M. and Tsybin, Y.O., 2013. Top-down analysis of 3080 kDa proteins by electron transfer dissociation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,405(26), pp.8505-8514. Geis-Asteggiante, L., Dhabaria, A., Edwards, N., Ostrand-Rosenberg, S. and Fenselau, C. 2015, "Topdown analysis of low mass proteins in exosomes shed by murine myeloid-derived suppressor cells",International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,vol. 378, pp. 264-269. Goodman, T.H., Neamtiu, M. and Zhang, F., 2013. Fundamental analysis and option returns.Available at SSRN 1974753. Grob, H.L., 2013.Capital budgeting with financial plans: an introduction. Springer-Verlag. Guerrero, A., Lerno, L., Barile, D. and Lebrilla, C.B., 2015. Top-down analysis of highly post-translationally modified peptides by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry,26(3), pp.453-459. Hayward, M., Caldwell, A., Steen, J., Gow, D. and Liesch, P., 2016. Entrepreneurs' Capital Budgeting Orientations and Innovation Outputs: Evidence From Australian Biotechnology Firms.Long Range Planning. Hrl, M., Schnidder, J., Sauer, U. and Zamboni, N., 2013. Non stationary 13C metabolic flux ratio analysis.Biotechnology and bioengineering,110(12), pp.3164-3176. Hu, Z., Liu, Y., Gao, S., Liu, W., Zhang, W., Tong, X., Lin, L., Zong, K., Li, M., Chen, H. and Zhou, L., 2012. Improved in situ Hf isotope ratio analysis of zircon using newly designed X skimmer cone and jet sample cone in combination with the addition of nitrogen by laser ablation multiple collector ICP-MS.Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,27(9), pp.1391-1399. Lee, A.E., Geis Asteggiante, L., Dixon, E.K., Miller, M., Wang, Y., Fushman, D. and Fenselau, C., 2016. Preparing to read the ubiquitin code: top down analysis of unanchored ubiquitin tetramers.Journal of Mass Spectrometry,51(8), pp.629-637. Mao, Y., Valeja, S.G., Rouse, J.C., Hendrickson, C.L. and Marshall, A.G., 2013. Top-down structural analysis of an intact monoclonal antibody by electron capture dissociation-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry.Analytical chemistry,85(9), pp.4239-4246. Parker, R.I. and Vannest, K.J., 2012. Bottom-up analysis of single-case research designs.Journal of Behavioral Education,21(3), pp.254-265. Piotroski, J.D. and So, E.C., 2012. Identifying expectation errors in value/glamour strategies: A fundamental analysis approach.Review of Financial Studies, p.hhs061. Qantas.com. (2016).Flights to Australia | Australia travel | Qantas. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/home/in/en [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Saxena, A.K. 2015, "Capital budgeting principles: bridging theory and practice",Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal,vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 283. Tvardovskiy, A., Wrzesinski, K., Sidoli, S., Fey, S.J., Rogowska-Wrzesinska, A. and Jensen, O.N., 2015. Top-down and middle-down protein analysis reveals that intact and clipped human histones differ in post-translational modification patterns.Molecular Cellular Proteomics,14(12), pp.3142-3153. Uechi, L., Akutsu, T., Stanley, H.E., Marcus, A.J. and Kenett, D.Y., 2015. Sector dominance ratio analysis of financial markets.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,421, pp.488-509. Virgin. (2016).Virgin. [online] Available at: https://www.virgin.com/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Vyatkina, K., Wu, S., Dekker, L.J., VanDuijn, M.M., Liu, X., Toli, N., Luider, T.M., Paa-Toli, L. and Pevzner, P.A., 2016. Top-down analysis of protein samples by de novo sequencing techniques.Bioinformatics, p.btw307.

Volkswagen Company Analysis Essays - Transport, Volkswagen Group

Volkswagen Company Analysis Executive Summary Company description goals The Volkswagen Group with its headquarters in Wolfsburg is one of the world?s leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmaker in Europe. in Western Europe, the largest car market in the world, just over one in five new cars (20.3 percent) comes from the Volkswagen Group. Group sales rose in 2008 to 113.8 billion euros (2007: 108.9 billion). Profit after tax in the 2008 financial year amounted to 4.69 billion euros (2007: 4.12 billion). The Group operates 60 production plants in fifteen European countries and a further six countries in the Americas, Asia and Africa. Around the world, nearly 370,000 employees produce more than 26,600 vehicles or are involved in vehicle-related services each working day. The Volkswagen Group sells its vehicles in more than 150 countries. Company goals It is the goal of the Group to offer attractive, safe and environmentally sound vehicles which are competitive on an increasingly tough market and which set world standards in their respective classes. Another goal of Volkswagen is to double their sales by advancing their brand image by making the services more reliable to our customers. Winfried Vahland, the Wolfsburg, Germany-based company president, stated: ?We plan to add or renew at least four models per year and double the number of dealership to achieve our sales target?. Unique features of the business ?The people want safety standards to be standard?. This motto shows the ability of VW to gain consumer loyalty. High safety standards, attractive look, and pro-environmental features are fundamental keys of the company?s market success. Some unique features of VW are: 1.Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP) 2.Tire Pressure Monitoring System 3.Nappa leather seating surfaces with Vavona wood interior trim 4.Halogen reflector lens fog lights 5.Climatronic dual zone and auto-climate control 6.Exterior side mirrors with memory 7.6-speed automatic 8.Recyclable materials 9. Most fuel efficient cars Why we chose this corporation Volkswagen is the giant of the car industry. It is the most successful corporation in this industry. We, as a group, found this corporation very exciting to explore because of their economic status and their power in this industry. We found it challenging how the corporation operates in terms of their market strategies and relationships with consumers. Most important issue facing the corporation The most important issue facing the corporation today is producing cars that are more environmental. This gives us room for understanding the corporation?s purpose to build cars that release fewer emissions and are more economical in a sense of spending less fuel. Business Mission & Vision Mission Corporation?s mission is to provide services that differentiate our brand from other brands by producing automobiles that are qualitative, safer, more efficient and environmental. As we know, the world is facing its worst obstacle which is pollution. Corporation?s future plan towards environment protection is to reduce the exhaust emission of nitrous oxide and soot particles, and make cars independent of fossil fuels. Vision Corporation?s vision is to use different techniques to make it reliable for customers to evaluate our product line; furthermore, starting with perception quality, then perception of satisfaction, emotional attachment, overall experience, and willingness to be advocate of the brand. These techniques get us closer to our customers. By knowing their needs, we as a corporation make a product line able for them to fulfill their desires. The vision of our corporation is sustainable above those criteria?s of the new ownership experiences. Principles & Values With the signing of Johannesburg sustainability summit, Volkswagen joined the Global Compact. By this summit the corporations renewed the principles, which are: ?Principle 1: Business should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights ?Principle 2: Business must ensure their own corporations are not complicit in human right abuses ?Principle 3: Business should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining ?Principle 4: Business should support the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor ?Principle 5: Business should support the effective abolition of child labor ?Principle 6: Business should support the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation ?Principle 7: Business should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges ?Principle 8: Business should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility ?Principle 9: Business should encourage the development and diffusion of environmental friendly technologies ?Principle 10: Business should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery Values of

Acknowledge ment Essays - Punctuation, Language, Writing

Acknowledge ment At the very outset of my assignment I would like to thank Almighty Allah for his magnificence to complete my assigned work. I also show my gratitude to my honorable teacher, Md. Nuruzzaman for assigning us such an interesting assignment which is challenging and at the same time motivating .I am also indebted to my friends who has always been a guide to give my assignment a perfect shape. Finally, to give my assignment a grand success. I have carefully worked on necessary books to produce a paper where I am held responsible for my shortcomings. Seikh Tanvir Mehedi (141412) Trishna Majumder (141422) Md. Imtiaz Uddin Sikder (141432) Goutam Kumar Paul (141442) Abir Hasan (131414) INDEX Title. 03 In text citation. 04 Citation of prose. 04-05 Reference.... 06 TITLE In Text Citation A citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work. Citation has several important purposes: to uphold intellectual honesty, to attribute prior or unoriginal work determined independently whether the referenced material supports the authors arguments in the claimed way, and to help the reader gauge thus strength and validity of the material the author has used. In text citation is important for three reasons- First, it gives credit to the source you are citing. If you do not use in text citation, you may be guilty of plagiarism. Second, it allows your reader to find your research, either to verify your use or to find out more about the topic. Third, it gives you authority, making it clear your ideas are built on careful research. Citation of Prose Short Quote : i) If a prose quotation runs no more than four lines and requires no special emphasis, put it in quotation marks and incorporate it into the text. Examples: According to Stephen Booth: "Shakespeare was almost certainly homosexual, bisexual or heterosexual. The sonnets provide no evidence on the matter." According to Smith: "Sales people with high need for achievement sell the most kitchen appliances whereas those with low need for achievement are better at selling garden tools." ii) You need not always reproduce complete sentences. Sometimes you may want to quote just a word or phrase as part of your sentence. Examples: For Charles Dickens the eighteenth century was both "the age of wisdom" and "the age of foolishness." iii) You may put a quotation at the beginning, middle or end of your sentence or for the sake of variety or better style, divide it by your own words. Example: "The upper jaw fuses to the skill: Chewing, biting and shouting move the mobile lower jaw against this stable brace." Explains Stephen Jay Gould that in most mammals and birds. "Poets", according to Shelley, "are the unacknowledged legislators of the world. iv) If a quotation ending a sentence requires a parenthetical reference, place the sentence period after the reference. Example: Shelley held a bold view: "Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world"(794). According to Stephen Booth: "Shakespeare was almost certainly homosexual, bisexual or heterosexual. The sonnets provide no evidence on the matter"(548). Long Quote: i) If a quotation runs to more than four lines in your paper, set it off from your text by beginning a new line, including one inch (or ten spaces if you are using a typewriter) from the left margin, and typing it double spaced, without adding quotation marks. A colon generally introduces a quotation displace in this way, though sometimes the context may require a different mark of punctuation or none at all. If you quote only a single paragraph or part of one, do not indent the first line more than the rest. A parenthetical reference to a prose quotation set off from the text follows the last line of the quotation. Example: Stephen Jay Gould argues that arriving clear distinctions or categorizations is extremely difficult: Nature, in some respects, comes to us as continue, not as discrete objects with clear boundaries. One of nature's many continua extends from colonist at one end to organisms at the other. Even the basic terms-organism and colony-have not precise and unambiguous definitions may, however, use the two criteria of our vernacular as a guide. We tend to call a biological object an organism if it maintains

10 Facts on Orientalism in the 19th Century Art for a Presentation

10 Facts on Orientalism in the 19th Century Art for a Presentation To fully understand how and why the facts to be presented in the following paragraphs will be useful to anyone working on a presentation on art in the 19th century, a brief discussion on orientalism and what it entails is necessary. Orientalism refers to the orient or east as well as every concept that comes from the east. Similarly, Orientalism in 19th century art takes into consideration the effects eastern cultures located in the Middle East and North Africa had on 19th century art and the movement it inspired. So here are 10 facts on the orientalism wave that swept the West during the 19th century. The French invasion of Egypt in 1798 by Napoleon Bonaparte was largely responsible for Europes interest in all things oriental. The invasion which lasted till 1801 led to the inclusion of oriental culture in the art, literature and music scenes in Europe. The book Description de lEgypte, which was published in 1809 through 1822 consisted of four volumes describing Egyptian culture, topography, architecture and population was considered the most influential authority on oriental culture in the 19th century. It served as a major inspiration to French artists,   architects and decorators of the 19th century and its influence could be seen as part of the architecture and art of 19th century France. European artist’s depiction of violence in the orients were fabricated and inspired by the need for propaganda to enforce the Wests sense of superiority over the oriental way of life. The famous works of Eugene Delacroix were created basically to promote the stereotype of Arabs and Muslim men as savages hell-bent on tormenting Christians and destroying the western way of life. Delacroixs famous works The Massacre of Chios and the Death of Sardanapalus were painted without the artist ever visiting the Near East.   His works were based on newspaper clippings, shady eyewitness reports and romantic literature. In the 19th century, even supporters of Eugene Delacroixs work criticized the accuracy of his art by stating that his images were simply derived from pictures of the plague and the Paris mob. European Artists had no access to the women of the orient. In the 19th century, Muslim women lived privately and could not be accessed by men who were not relations or husbands without the men risking injury to their person. Famous 19th century artists such as Jean-Leon George, Jean-Auguste Ingres, Delacroix and Theodore Chasse Riau had based their famous painting of oriental women on hearsay and in some cases French models. Jean-Auguste Ingres popular series of paintings depicting Odalisque, the eastern concubine of a Turkish Sultan was actually the painting of a French model named Madame Felix. Photographic images of the orients were tampered with. The advent of photography in early 1800, and the corresponding advances made by scientists in capturing real-life images had little or no effect to the modes of capturing oriental culture. Ironically some images of the orients were taking but in most cases, photographers preferred to stage scenes rather than capture the reality of the East. According to photography scholar Nissan Perez, photographers chose to stage scenes so as to reinforce the Wests myopic view of the orients. Orientalist art was hugely popular in the 19th century. All over Europe France, Britain, Italy etc. the fascination with the East led to the formation of art groups that placed their focus on explaining oriental culture through art. In 19th century France, 1893 to be precise, the Society of Orientalist Painters was founded and its honorary leader was Jean-Leon Gerome who visited Morocco just once but painted images of Turkey and Western Asia and claimed they were factual. On Jean-Leon Geromes only visit to Morocco, he wrote about his disillusionment with the fact that the subject matters of his paintings were not the reality on ground. The orients spurred a new wave of romanticism in art. The romantic era of European art was largely influenced by imaginations and stories of the orients. Although orientalism in art was looked down upon in the 19th century, the Romanization of oriental subject matters fascinated millions. A large percent of the famous painters and artists of the 19th century based their work and made their names from creating eastern inspired art. Oriental art circa 1760s focused on the landscape and architecture of the East. It was in later years of the 19th century that artists became enamored with representing oriental culture in art. Orientalist painters made up the harems. Eroticism and the false idea that women from the orients were erotic by Western males created a whole genre of exotic art in the 19th century. According to Ruth Bernard Yeazell, the depictions of Eastern harems were based off western male fantasies and stories on what an oriental harem should look like. Foreign male painters were not allowed into the seraglios but relied on stories from other women as inspiration. Unlike oriental art depictions, harems were more familial than erotic. What western painters termed as harems, were actually family centers and places for social gathering for women. Richard Francis Burton toured Mecca in El-Madina and he reports a more family oriented arrangement were wives stayed separately from husbands instead of the western version of harems. While western women saw harems as places of social gathering, Western males who had happened to form the majority of the painters viewed harems as a sexual place regardless of the facts. Factual representation of life in the orients exists. In the arts of the 19th century, some artist stuck to reality and produced realistic depictions of the East. Some famous examples are the Italian artist Ippolito Caffi, who actually lived in the East and produced original art on life in the orients. Another notable mention is Fausto Zonaro, an Italian artist who became the official Ottoman court painter. These artists including Gentile Bellini represented Middle-eastern women as reserved and demure unlike the majority of French oriental artists. Criticism of oriental art became widespread in the 20th century. The false nature of oriental life shown in 19th century paintings has been actively denounced by writers over the years. Edward Saids work Orientalism was influential in challenging the Wests perception of oriental culture and women as depicted in the popular artworks of the 19th century.Other notable critical works include Ruth Bernard Yeazell’ s Harems of the Mind: Passages of Western Art and Literature and Howes Orientalism in French 19th Century. References: Suren, L. (2010). Photography, Vision and Production of Modern Bodies, 70-80. Irwin, R. (2006).  Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and Its Discontents Princeton Archeology Journal, Global and Views: Nineteenth Century Travel Photographs. http://web.princeton.edu/sites/Archaeology/rp/globalviews/gv1.html Jiman, M. (2009). Representation of Middle-Eastern Women in Orientalist Paintings in Nineteenth Century: A Comparison of French and Italian Orientalists. https://theskinnyjeanrant.com/2014/05/01/representation-of-middle-eastern-women-in-orientalist-paintings-in-nineteenth-century-a-comparison-of-french-and-italian-orientalists/ Alexandra, J. (2009). Orientalism in French Nineteenth Century Art: The Enigma of the East. http://bestamericanart.blogspot.com.ng/2014/05/orientalism-in-french-nineteenth.html?m=1 Nancy, D. (2008). The Origins of Orientalism. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-modern/intro-becoming-modern/a/orientalism Thomson, G. (2008). The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences: Orientalism. encyclopedia.com/topic/Orientalism.aspx

Malaysia - Mahathir politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Malaysia - Mahathir politics - Research Paper Example These policies have created heated debates in the country and recently Prime Minister Najib Razak did appear to be taking a U-turn by introducing New Economic Model to ensure development across all regions, races, and sectors of the economy (Hooker & Othman, pp. 47-48, 2003). Before coming in power as the Prime Minister of the country, Mahathir Mohammad took a bold stance by writing the book titled â€Å"The Malay Dilemma†. He believed that the Malay Dilemma is the fact that many different ethnic groups and communities have ruled the country, learned the language of the native people, took over the resources and business of their ancestors, and exploited them for their own good throughout the Malaysian History. He believed that the Malays had become strangers and salves in their own land. They have the biggest stake in the country and the growing discontent amongst these people was the main cause of the racial riots in the country. The dilemma is that the Malays are forced to accept the systematic steps taken by the government to give them exposure in the economy and according to Mahathir; they should accept it to move forward in order to create an integrated, peaceful, and ethnically diverse Malaysian society (Cheah, pp. 301-302, 2002). During his era, Mahathir placed immense importance on Islam and Islamic principles during his regime in the country. Mahathir believed that Islam strongly stresses on equality and social justice in all lifestyles and the inability of the people to follow those and principles and the inability of the government to implement the same has remained the major cause behind the amplification of Malay Dilemma (Hunter, pp. 264-268). Mahathir gets the credit for the economic progress and development that he brought to the country, which started in the year 1990 when the previous economic policy expired. Mahathir’s National Development Policy was aimed at increasing the share of Malays in the national income to 30 percent, reducing poverty in the country, attracting foreign investment through liberalization and free market economy, improving the infrastructure in the country and others. Until 1997, the Malaysian economy grew at an annual average growth rate of 9 percent. However, the 1998 Asian financial crisis did happen to put the brakes on country’s economic growth (Khoo, 74-75, 2003). In his early years of power, Mahathir has realized that the Dakwah movement is a strong force and in order to ensure his power, he will have to focus on the same as well. Therefore, under Mahathir’s administration, the government placed great importance on Islam and with the help of Anwar Ibrahim, the financ e minister of Malaysia then, a process of Islamization started in the country with government adopting a â€Å"look east† rather than â€Å"look west† policy. In addition, this resulted in increased media coverage for Islam and Islamic issues, increasing funds for Islamic religious organizations, founding Islamic banks and Islamic insurance companies, including Islamic teachings and principles in the school curriculum and others (Mohamad, pp. 20-21, 2010; Peletz, pp. 55, 2002). As a Muslim, Mahathir held this belief that Islam is different from other religions and it is a complete code of life. Therefore, Islam should have its due interference in the matters of State as well. When Mahathir came into power, there was increasing wave of Islamism amongst the Malays who were becoming more religious and more conservative. Since they represented the biggest chunk of Mahathir’

Technology in the Tire Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology in the Tire Sector - Essay Example The industrial age of the early 20th century is rapidly giving way to the age of technology, which has also brought with it, added conveniences and freedoms which would never have been possible before. The most noticeable sphere where this phenomenon may be observed is in the transport industry. When Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber way back in 1844, little did he realize that he was sowing the seed that would endow man with â€Å"wheels on his feet† and herald his entry into a world of freedom of movement with an ease that he would never have imagined. The very same vulcanized rubber is the standard material for tires today – those tires that help man to move around in the vehicles of his choice. Today, tire technology has evolved to such a point that they even contribute to lowering the pollution that is present in the atmosphere. Technology has made it possible for tires to be so engineered that they lower emissions from cars and thereby enhance fuel econo my and reduction of toxic pollutants of the atmosphere.[Fraschini, 2005]. These new tires are ecologically friendly because they work on the principle of lowering rolling resistance, which essentially means that the friction between the tires and the road is reduced. The tires have a lightweight high strength construction which aids in smooth rolling on the roads, producing a more fuel efficient engine and less emissions.[Fraschini, 2005]. Industrial development has already taken a toll on nature and the alarming increase in pollution levels due to vehicle emissions is a serious issue today. Therefore, developments in technology such as the ecologically friendly Potenza RE92 and the Bridgestone Ecopia tires[Fraschini, 2005] are welcome, because they represent an acceptable compromise between man’s urge to be on the move and the need to conserve the environment. Therefore, this is one instance where technology is beneficial and such

Child Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Development - Essay Example This report stresses that the childhood of the anti-socials had been full of negligence and deprival which has sucked out all their humanity and fellow feelings. Same can be said about children who spend their childhood in an orphanage where there is no one to specially care for each child. Such children spend a childhood of depression and when they grow up, often develop pessimistic approach towards life. Moreover, since the commencement of human civilization, human beings have learnt to depend on one another to satisfy their basic needs. Thus the nature of dependence on one another is the integral feature of mankind. Now, if a child is deprived of his right at the start of the life, this will obviously hamper the natural growth and development of its mind and consequently develop a sense of loneliness at a later stage in life. This paper makes a conclusion that proper care is very important for a child to help it grow up into an ideal human being and lead a normal life. This care must be selfless and unconditional in nature, which can only be expected from a child’s mother. Researchers have found how a traumatic and painful childhood can hamper the proper mental development of a child, sometimes even leading a person to develop negative feelings towards the society. This is why sensitive mothering is very important for a child.

Reality of Unification Theory

Reality of Unification Theory Introduction Unification means: finding the similarities, finding the limiting physical constants, finding the key numbers, coupling the key physical constants, coupling the key physical concepts, coupling the key physical properties, minimizing the number of dimensions, minimizing the number of inputs. This is a very lengthy process. In all these cases observations, interpretations, experiments and imagination play a key role. The main difficulty is with interpretations and observations. At fundamental level understanding the observed new coincidences and confirming the observed coincidences seem to be a very tough job. Constructing semi empirical relations among the physical constants of various interdisciplinary branches of physics with all possible interpretations may help in resolving the issues. Which way/method is the best will be decided by future experiments, observations and interpretations. As it is interconnected with all branches of physics, ‘semi empirical approach’ se ems be the easiest and shortcut way. It sharpens and guides human thinking ability in understanding the reality of unification. For any theoretical concept or mathematical model or semi empirical relation, ‘workability’ is more important than its inner beauty and ‘workability’ is the base of any semi empirical approach. In this paper by introducing the unified mass unit the authors made an attempt to fit and understand the origin of the nuclear charge radius, the Planck’s constant and the strong coupling constant in a unified approach that connects gravity and strong interaction via the electromagnetic and gravitational force ratio of proton and electron. Finally by considering the proton rest energy and the nuclear charge radius the authors made an attempt to fit the semi empirical mass formula energy coefficients in a very simple way. To fit the nuclear charge radius, the Planck’s constant and the strong coupling constant It is well known that e, c and G play a vital role in fundamental physics. With these 3 constants space-time curvature concepts at a charged particle surface can be studied. Similar to the Planck mass an interesting unified mass unit can be constructed in the following way. (1) Note that plays a crucial role in microscopic physics as well cosmology. It is having a long history. It was first introduced by the physicist George Johnstone Stoney [1]. He is most famous for introducing the term ‘electron’as the ‘fundamental unit quantity of electricity’. With this mass unit in unification program with a suitable proportionality it may be possible to represent the characteristic mass of any elementary charge. It can be considered as the seed of galactic matter or galactic central black hole. It can also be considered as the seed of any cosmic structure. If 2 such oppositely charged particles annihilates, a large amount of energy can be released. It is well assumed that free space is a reservoir for pair particles creation. If so under certain extreme conditions at the vicinity of massive stars or black holes, a very high energy radiation can be seen to be emitted by the virtue of pair annihilation of . Note that the basic concept of uni fication is to understand the origin of ‘mass’ of any particle. Mass is the basic property in ‘gravitation’ and charge is the basic property in ‘atomicity’. So far no model established a cohesive relation in between ‘electric charge’ and ‘mass’ of any ‘elementary particle’. From astrophysics point of view the fundamental questions to be answered are: 1) Without charge, is there any independent existence to ‘mass’ of any star? 2) Is black hole – a neutral body or electrically a neutralized body? To understand these questions the authors made an attempt to construct the above unified mass unit. The subject of final unification is having a long history. After the nucleus was discovered in 1908, it was clear that a new force was needed to overcome the electrostatic  repulsion of the positively charged  protons. Otherwise the nucleus could not exist. Moreover, the force had to be strong enough to squeeze the protons into a volume of size 10−15 meter. In general the word‘strong’is used since the strong interaction is the â€Å"strongest† of the four fundamental forces. Its observed strength is around 102 times that of the  electromagnetic force, some 105times as great as that of the  weak force, and about 10 39 times that of  gravitation. The aim of unification is to understand the relation that connects ‘gravity’, ‘mass’, ‘charge’ and the ‘microscopic space-time curvature’. Many scientists addressed this problem in different ways [2-4]. The authors also made many attempts in their previousl y published papers [5-11]. Experimentally observed nuclear charge radius [12-15] can be fitted with the following strange and simple unified relation. (2) Here can be considered as the Schwarzschild radius [16,17] of the proposed new mass unit . (3) Whether the expression playing a ‘key unified role’ or ‘only a fitting role’ to be confirmed. With a great accuracy the famous Planck’s constant can be fitted with the following relation. (4) Recommended value of and the error is 0.189%. From relations (1) and (2) above relation can be simplified into the following simple form. (5) Comparing this with the standard definition, (6) where is the fine structure ratio. Let (7) Proceeding further qualitatively and quantitatively currently believed strong coupling constant [18] can be fitted with the following relation. (8) Its recommended value is 0.11847 and uncertainty is ppb. Now the characteristic nuclear force can be expressed as follows. (9) Note that can be considered as the limiting magnitude of any kind of force. Similarly can be considered as the limiting magnitude of any kind of power [1,20,21]. To fit and co-relate the semi empirical mass formula energy coefficients In nuclear physics, the semi-empirical mass formula is used to approximate the mass and various other properties of an atomic nucleus. As the name suggests, it is based partly on theory and partly on empirical measurements [23-24]. The theory is based on the liquid drop model proposed by George Gamow, which can account for most of the terms in the formula and gives rough estimates for the values of the coefficients. It was first formulated in 1935 by German physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker, and although refinements have been made to the coefficients over the years, the structure of the formula remains the same today. In the following formulae, let be the total number of nucleons, Z the number of protons, and the number of neutrons. The mass of an atomic nucleus is given by (10) where and are the rest mass of a proton and a neutron, respectively, and is the binding energy of the nucleus. The semi-empirical mass formula states that the binding energy will take the following form. (11) Its modern representation is (12) Here = volume energy coefficient, is the surface energy coefficient, is the coulomb energy coefficient, is the asymmetry energy coefficient and is the pairing energy coefficient. By maximizing with respect to , one can find the number of protons of the stable nucleus of atomic weight as, (13) This is roughly for light nuclei, but for heavy nuclei there is an even better agreement with nature. Now with the following two energy units semi empirical mass formula energy coefficients can be fitted in the following way. Let (14) where, (15) The coulombic energy coefficient can be expressed as (16) The asymmetry energy coefficient can be expressed as (17) The pairing energy coefficient can be expressed as (18) The surface energy coefficient can be expressed as (19) The volume energy coefficient can be expressed as (20) Thus (21) For light and heavy atoms (including super heavy stable isotopes), proton-nucleon stability relation can be expressed with the following semi empirical relation. Clearly speaking by considering its corresponding stable mass number can be estimated directly. (22) where can be considered as the stable mass number of (23) Please see table-1 for fitting the proton number and its corresponding stable mass number. Table-1: To fit the stable mass numbers of S.No 1 21 44.8 2 29 63.3 3 37 82.6 4 47 107.9. 5 53 123.9 6 60 142.8 7 69 168.0 8 79 197.3 9 83 209.4 10 92 237.3 11 100 263.0 12 112 303.0 13 118 323.7 See table-2 for the comparison of the semi empirical mass formula energy coefficients. See table-3 for the calculated semi empirical mass formula nuclear binding energy. Table-2: Existing and proposed SEMF binding energy coefficients Existing energy coefficients Proposed energy coefficients Table-3: To fit the SEMF binding energy with the proposed energy coefficients in MeV in MeV 26 56 490.9 492.254 28 62 544.8 545.259 34 84 725.3 727.341 50 118 1005.6 1004.950 60 142 1184.3 1185.145 79 197 1562.9 1559.40 82 208 1634.8 1636.44 92 238 1818.9 1801.693 Discussion and conclusions The main object of unification is to understand the origin of elementary particles rest mass, magnetic moments and their forces. Right now and till today ‘string theory’ with 4 + 6 extra dimensions not in a position to explain the unification of gravitational and non-gravitational forces. More clearly speaking it is not in a position to bring down the Planck scale to the nuclear size. Note that  general relativity  does not throw any light on the ‘mass generation’ of charged particles. It only suggests that space-time is curved near the massive celestial objects. More over it couples the cosmic (dust) matter with geometry. But how matter/dust is created? Why and how elementary particle possesses both charge and mass? Such types of questions are not being discussed in the frame work of general relativity. The first step in unification is to understand the origin of the  rest mass  of a charged elementary particle. Second step is to understand the combined effects of its electromagnetic (or charged) and gravitational interactions. Third step is to understand its behavior with surroundings when it is created. Fourth step is to understand its behavior with cosmic space-time or other particles. Right from its birth to death, in all these steps the underlying fact is that whether it is a strongly interacting particle or weakly interacting particle, it is having some rest mass. To understand the first two steps somehow one can implement the gravitational constant in sub atomic physics. In this regard can be considered as the nature’s given unified mass unit. To bring down the  Planck mass  scale to the observed elementary particles mass scale certainly a large scale factor is required. In this regard, the electromagnetic and gravitational force ratio of proton and electron can be considered as the nature’s given universal scale factor. Thinking positively the proposed relations for fitting the nuclear charge radius, the Planck’s constant and strong the coupling constant can be considered for further analysis positively.

A Tale of Two Cities - Breaking Gender Stereotypes and Stereotyping Es

Breaking Gender Stereotypes in A Tale of Two Cities The men and the women of A Tale of Two Cites are violent, loving, cowardly, brave, and ruthless. Some people are weak and spoiled, while others are badly treated and vindictive. Many contrasts between men and women can be found within this story. A Tale of Two Cities clearly portrays very distinct divisions in the behavior of men. The aristocrats, or upperclassmen, rule and control all of France. The members of the aristocracy never have to undergo hardships; they always have everything presented to them on a silver platter. They do whatever they want with total disregard for the peasants. On the other hand, the peasants always have to work hard for everything in life. Due to the aristocracy, the peasants are constantly starving, enough as to drink spilt wine from a filthy street (24-26). They loathe the wealthy people who have created these horrible living conditions. This drives the peasants to revolution, and the decapitation of the aristocrats via the guillotine. They have a mob mentality and kill everyone who they believe is the enemy. Neither the aristocrats nor the peasants show any compassion toward the other social class. Some men in A Tale of Two Cities contrast greatly. Sydney Carton is a drunk who works for an unappreciative lawyer. He has no family; he is "a disappointed drudge who cares for no man on earth, and no man cares for him" (75). He is referred to as "the Jackal" who is necessary in society, but not welcomed or wanted (77). Sydney loves Lucie Manette, but he is not ... ...l of men. The oppressed male peasants join together to form a group of Jacques, or soldiers, to overthrow the aristocracy. The Jacques use The Defarge's wine-shop as a meeting place. Throughout the story, Madame Defarge is either murdering someone or knitting. She is always "sitting in her usual place in the wine-shop, knitting away assiduously" (162). Her friends are a twisted as she. Her closest confidant is known as The Vengeance. Both Madame Defarge and the Jacques fight until the end. In A Tale of Two Cities, all gender stereotypes are broken. Women can be ruthless murderers and men can be passive cowards. La Guillotine is the sole authority in Paris, it is fueled by a mob mentality that recognizes class distinctions, not gender. A Tale of Two Cities - Breaking Gender Stereotypes and Stereotyping Es Breaking Gender Stereotypes in A Tale of Two Cities The men and the women of A Tale of Two Cites are violent, loving, cowardly, brave, and ruthless. Some people are weak and spoiled, while others are badly treated and vindictive. Many contrasts between men and women can be found within this story. A Tale of Two Cities clearly portrays very distinct divisions in the behavior of men. The aristocrats, or upperclassmen, rule and control all of France. The members of the aristocracy never have to undergo hardships; they always have everything presented to them on a silver platter. They do whatever they want with total disregard for the peasants. On the other hand, the peasants always have to work hard for everything in life. Due to the aristocracy, the peasants are constantly starving, enough as to drink spilt wine from a filthy street (24-26). They loathe the wealthy people who have created these horrible living conditions. This drives the peasants to revolution, and the decapitation of the aristocrats via the guillotine. They have a mob mentality and kill everyone who they believe is the enemy. Neither the aristocrats nor the peasants show any compassion toward the other social class. Some men in A Tale of Two Cities contrast greatly. Sydney Carton is a drunk who works for an unappreciative lawyer. He has no family; he is "a disappointed drudge who cares for no man on earth, and no man cares for him" (75). He is referred to as "the Jackal" who is necessary in society, but not welcomed or wanted (77). Sydney loves Lucie Manette, but he is not ... ...l of men. The oppressed male peasants join together to form a group of Jacques, or soldiers, to overthrow the aristocracy. The Jacques use The Defarge's wine-shop as a meeting place. Throughout the story, Madame Defarge is either murdering someone or knitting. She is always "sitting in her usual place in the wine-shop, knitting away assiduously" (162). Her friends are a twisted as she. Her closest confidant is known as The Vengeance. Both Madame Defarge and the Jacques fight until the end. In A Tale of Two Cities, all gender stereotypes are broken. Women can be ruthless murderers and men can be passive cowards. La Guillotine is the sole authority in Paris, it is fueled by a mob mentality that recognizes class distinctions, not gender.

Volkswagen of America: Managing It

Case 7  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Volkswagen of America: Managing IT 1. What is your assessment of the new process for managing priorities at Volkswagen of America? Are the criticisms justified? Is it an improvement over the old process? The new system of prioritizing IT projects to determine funding is a very efficient way of ensuring those projects that are critical to business strategy meet their financial requirements. However, the method of dropping entire goal portfolios simply because they ranked lowest in the list could be deemed a flaw in the system, and one that could be detrimental to business unit integration slowly over time.This understandably frustrates those whose proposals are receiving no funding, and if this prioritization system has any hope of future success, the business units being consistently funded will need to work better at recognizing other priorities, or the system will need to be restructured to allow for smaller projects to be phased in at the very least to mainta in integration. 2. Who controls the budgets from which IT projects are funded at Volkswagen of America? The parent company of VWoA – VWAG – caps the IT budget at $60 million.However, the control of this budget includes the involvement of several cross-functional teams (AKA – â€Å"several organizational entities†, p. 5) that review project proposals before final approval – for instance, during Phase I the DBC (Digital Business Council) reduced the initial $210 million project proposals to $170 million (p. 6). Ultimately the PMO (Project Management Office) subsection of the BPTO (Business Process, Technology and Organization), which Matulovic established as a new internal IT department upon his arrival, approves projects prioritized by the IT steering committee (ITSC).Who should control these budgets? Should the IT department have its own budget? 3. How should Matulovic respond to his fellow executives who are calling to ask him for special treatmen t outside the new priority management system? Matulovic should tell the fellow executives the new priority management system was developed and implemented by ELT members and senior management group. The process is now complete and not reversible. It would be unfair for any ELT member to get a special treatment. . What should Matulovic do about the unfunded Supply Flow project? The unfunded project was critically important to the company. Lack funding would delay globalization initiatives. Since the project needed full funding to continue on track and the cost was a significant part of the IT budget, funding should come from alternative sources. Matulovic should argue that the project will have a large impact on the global integration and save costs for the company as whole, rather than just VWoA. 5.On page 8 we see that $16 million of the $60 budget is for SIB projects, under the spending direction of Matulovic; on page 1 we see that some people consider this unfair – is it? Should budget be â€Å"set aside† for IT projects? Why? The budget allocated for SIB projects, under the direction of Matulovic, is fair. Many individuals across the organization were involved in project proposals and creating the process for managing the priorities and selection. The head of each business unit was a member of Executive Leadership Team that helped develop and rank the proposals for the projects.Senior business and IT members in the IT steering committee guided and approved project selection and prioritization process. After the process is implemented and executed, it is too late to voice an objection. 6. In general, what characteristics should a process for deciding about funding of IT projects have? The process of how to fund IT projects has to include the means to categorizing the projects and relating them to company’s strategy. There has to be adequate guidance for developing proposals.Since buy-in and trust by unit leaders is critical, they have b e involved in developing the process. The process has to be fair and transparent. It has to be based on what is best for the company as whole. Summary The Volkswagen of America: Managing IT Priorities case study describes the efforts of the US subsidiary of Volkswagen AG (VWAG) – Volkswagen of America (VWoA) – to arrive at a new process for setting IT funding priorities and deciding on what projects to fund. Dr. Uwe Matulovic, the new ChiefInformation Officer (CIO) of VWoA, has a dilemma in that peers from the Executive Leadership Team (ELT) have been openly hostile and critical of the new prioritization process, particularly in regards to the lack of funding for high priorities for their areas of the company, and have pressurized him â€Å"to insert an unfunded project (or two) into the IT department’s work plans† (p. 1). Dr. Matulovic position is particularly challenging as more than 40 projects have been proposed for IT, with funding requirements total ing $240m, when a budget of only $60m has been approved by VWAG.The new prioritization process that was implemented is complex. It includes the involvement of several cross-functional teams or â€Å"several organizational entities† (p. 5) that review project proposals during three separate Phases before final approval. For instance, during Phase I the DBC (Digital Business Council) reduced the initial $210 million project proposals to $170 million (p. 6) by way of identifying dependencies among projects. That is, removing those projects from the budget that required other projects to be completed before they could start.Ultimately the PMO (Project Management Office) subsection of the BPTO (Business Process, Technology and Organization), which Matulovic established as a new internal IT department upon his arrival, approves projects prioritized by the IT Steering Committee (ITSC). In conclusion, it became apparent to Dr. Matulovic that the Supply Flow Project, which is viewed a s critical to the company’s global supply chain management objectives, was poorly served by the new prioritization process in that it was left only partially funded.The process overlooked this project primarily because much of its value was felt at the global level, and not at the VWoA importer level. Dr. Matulovic found himself in a quandary and struggled with related decision-making as he understood that the loss of funding for this project would constitute a major setback for globalization initiatives based in Germany. 1. Who controls the budgets from which IT projects are funded at Volkswagen of America? The budgets for IT projects were controlled through a process that involves several organizational entities that establish priorities.There were four specific teams that were involved in this process: the ELT (Executive Leadership Team), the ITSC (IT Steering Committee), the PMO (Project Management Office), and the DBC (Digital Business Council. ) The ELT was responsible for executing the NRG (Next Round of Growth) strategy in which the IT governance is a part. The ITSC consisted of business and IT managers and was responsible for guiding and approving the process of IT project selection and prioritization. The PMO administered the project proposal and approval process.The DBC was responsible for the project filtering process which decided which projects were most in line with the companies business strategy. 2. What is your assessment of the new process for managing priorities at Volkswagen of America? Are the criticisms justified? Is it an improvement over the old process? The new IT priority management process was driven by the new IT budget constraint given to VWoA by the parent company VWAG. If the new budgetary constraint was not initiated, it is likely that elements of the former less organized and less centralized method would be maintained.In the end, this may benefit the individual business units, but be detrimental to the business as a wh ole. In creating the new process, Matulovic enabled the business unit managers to work together to make the decisions that would effect their departments using the overall company strategy as the driving element. In doing this, he succeeded in involving all of the managers that would be affected by the prioritization system while maintaining the executive leadership team’s strategic goals. This new system was a substantial improvement over the former system. . On page 8 we see that $16 million of the $60 budget is for SIB projects, under the spending direction of Matulovic; on page 1 we see that some people consider this unfair – is it? Should budget be â€Å"set aside† for IT projects? Why? The budget allocated for the SIB (Stay in Business) projects (business continuity and legal) should receive the highest priority. As denoted by the name, if any of these projects are incomplete or fail, the risk to the business is substantial compared to business unit priori ties.However, the amount budgeted may be a point that could be questioned. Instead of predetermining the amount required, he should have submitted the SIB to the same process as all of the other projects which would have reduced or eliminated the business unit manager’s perception that Matulovic was trying to control company strategy. 4. How should Matulovic respond to his fellow executives who are calling to ask him for special treatment outside the new priority management system?What should Matulovic do about the unfunded Supply Flow project? Matulovic created a well organized system that focused on company goals. His fellow executives were involved in the IT priority decision making and the company expectation is that business unit managers also support company goals. If they think that these goals in relation to their requests does not make sense, then they had the opportunity in this process to voice their concerns to the one of the process teams (the ELT,ITSC,PMO, and/o r the DBC), not to Matulovic himself.Because the Supply Flow project is tied into global strategy, Matulovic should propose that the funding for this project come from VWAG. 5. In general, what characteristics should a process for deciding about funding of IT projects have? General characteristics that an IT funding process should have: –  Involve all of those who will be affected by the funding decisions in the process. –  Align IT funding priorities with company strategy. –  Enable communication between business units depending on the funding and between those units and executive management.

Osmosis in Onion Cell Essays

Osmosis in Onion Cell Essays Osmosis in Onion Cell Paper Osmosis in Onion Cell Paper A living plant cell will shrinks or swells depending on the solute concentration of the cell in relation to the solute concentration of the fluid surrounding the cell (1). It follows that water will move from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration, therefore, if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution water will move from the cell into the scauseson until the cell shrinks(l). Further water loss auses can cause the cells protoplasm to peel away from the cell wall leaving a gap between the cell wall and the cell membrane, a process called plasmolysis(l) However if the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move from the solution into the cell and cause the cell to burst (1). A cell in an isotonic solution neither swells nor shrinks because there is no concentration gradient for water across the cell membrane (1) The objective of this experiment is to find out the effect distilled water, 3% sodium chloride solution and 5% sodium chloride solution have on nion epidermal cells. From the above literature, its hypothesised that the cells in distilled water should maintain their shape, cells in 3% sodium chloride should shrink and the cells in 5% sodium chloride should experience more shrinking than that of the 3% solution. The onion epidermal cell is transparent with a simple structure so it is a suitable cell for studying the effect of water loss on cells (2) Some specimens can be viewed directly underneath the microscope but putting a drop of water on the specimen can improve how the structures appear under icroscope and also prevent the specimen from drying out on the slide (2). Adding water to the specimen is called wet mount. The liquid used in wet mount fills the space between the slides to support the specimen and also allows light to pass through easily (3). The liquid is usually water can also be a stain. Stains are used in microscopy to highlight structures in biological structures for viewing under microscopes (3). There are many types of stains each is used for its own benefits, iodine, eosin are some of the common stains used in the microscopy (3). Iodine is used as a cell stain because its absorbed by cell organelles which are mostly transparent and turn them coloured making them more visible under the microscope (3). It was found that the cells which were placed in 3% solution increased in size contrary to the hypothesis. The cells placed in 5% solution shrank and cells in placed in normal saline kept their normal shape. MATERIALS Glass slide Cover slip Onion tissue Dropper Light miscrope Sodium chloride (NaCl) Distilled water Tweezers Measuring tube Bunsen tube Pipette Blotting paper Stage micrometer METHOD Lay down three different slides labelling the three different solution you intend to use. Peel a thin layer of tissues (epidermis) using the forceps (tweezers) from the whole onion. Put the epidermis on the center of each of the slide displayed and labelled. Drop a few drops of each of the labelled solutions onto the onion membrane, making sure the tissues is flattened and not wrinkled on the slide. Wait for 3 minutes before putting a cover slip on the slide. Put the cover slip on the stained tissue and the different solutions involve. Gently tap out any air bubbles and ry to soak out any extra solution around the covered tissues. Adjust the diaphragm so that the right amount of light is shining on the slide stage. Put the slide onto the microscope stage and fix with the stage clips Observe the tissues under the microscope under low, medium and high powers. Also making sketches, writing down observation. Making sure of an eye piece graticule and stage micrometer scale to measure cells and units. Be sure to write what magnification for each sketch. Make sure you label any organelles you see. Cell wall, membrane, nucleus and ytoplasm Calculate magnification of drawings and actual sizes of specimens DATA The eye piece graticule remains constant no matter what magnification the epidermis are looked at. RESULTS DISCUSSIONS CONLUSION References 1 . Sperelakis, Nicholas (2011). Cell Physiology Source Book: Essentials of Membrane Biophysics. Academic press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-12-387738-3. 2. Horobtn RW, Kiernan JA (2002) Conns Biological Stains. A Handbook of Dyes Stains and Fluorochromes for (1981) Staining Procedures, 4th ed. , Baltimore: Williams Wilkins, p. 412, ISBN 0683017071 .

Try These Edible Fake Blood Recipes

Try These Edible Fake Blood Recipes What would Halloween be without blood? Fake blood can be expensive to buy, plus its not exactly edible, much less tasty. If youre going for the vampire look, you want blood you dont mind getting in your mouth. Otherwise, you might just want blood that you know is completely non-toxic. With those goals in mind, here are some recipes for realistic-looking edible fake blood. Please feel free to post a reply if you would like to share additional fake blood recipes. Fake Blood Cherry Flavor can of cherry pie filling8 ounces cream (softened) cheesewater Use a fork or spoon to remove the cherries from the pie filling.Mix together the pie filling gel with the cream cheese.Stir in a little water to achieve the desired consistency. Fake Blood Strawberry Flavor a packet of strawberry glaze8 ounces cream cheese (softened)red and blue food coloring Mix together the strawberry glaze and the cream cheese.Add a drop of red and a smaller amount of blue food coloring to achieve the desired color. Fake BloodSweetened, Unflavored 1/2 cup white corn syrup1 tablespoon cornstarch1/8 to 1/4 cup water15 drops red food coloring1-5 drops blue food coloring In a bowl, mix together the corn syrup and the cornstarch.Add water until the mixture is the consistency of blood.Mix in food coloring until you achieve the color of blood that you want. Note: If you use blue or green food coloring or one of the neon tints, you can make alien or insect blood using this recipe. Fake Blood Chocolate Flavored Sir red food coloring into the corn syrup until you have a deep red mixture.Add some cocoa powder or chocolate syrup to darken and thicken the fake blood.If the color still isnt deep enough, add a drop or more of blue food coloring.Stir in a bit of cornstarch if you want your blood to be thicker. corn syrupred and blue food coloringcocoa powder or chocolate syrupcornstarch (optional)

Hormonal Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hormonal Disorders - Essay Example Acromegaly is a condition that arises in the frontal pituitary gland when it produces excess growth hormones at puberty level (Lloyd, 2001). The patient had acromegaly because of the symptoms the doctors discovered. The teenager portrayed same symptoms of an individual with acromegaly. These symptoms were vision problems, enlarged hands and feet, severe headache and neck rigidity. This proves that the boy had acromegaly. Other common complications that arise with adenoma are sleep apnea and swelling of the body parts. These parts are: the arms, face, feet, tongue and a change in the shoe or ring size. Other unusual happenings are spreading of teeth, facial paralysis, carpal channel conditions, joint bone pains, gentleness gigantism, excessive perspiration and oily skin impotence (Lloyd, 2001). The patient needs to be monitored for a long time for increasing hormone levels. This is because if the hormonal levels rise and the patient are not monitored the case might be more severe in the feature than in the present (Lloyd, 2001). In conclusion, if treatment does not stabilize the hormone levels, a practitioner should regularly start on additional drug

Hard factors of TQM implementation in the Project division at GASCO Essay

Hard factors of TQM implementation in the Project division at GASCO - Essay Example Proper implementation of the procedure IP-PR-021 would offer solutions to this problem. The CTN format does not have provisions for the history of the CTN. As a result, the CTN goes through the approval process of the GASCO shareholders without their knowledge of the history of the CTN in the firm. They need adequate knowledge on the importance of CTN, in order to determine whether it is worth the budgetary allocations. Modifying the formats of the CTN to would include its history would provide adequate knowledge. Since there is no analysis of the main cause of CTN, there is a wrong evaluation of the KPI. The main factor put into consideration when evaluating KPI is CTN. Therefore, understanding the causes of CTN in the organization would help in preventing their occurrence in future. This is however possible if there was a proper procedure of solving the CTN put in place. GASCO, while calculating the average KPI does so division wise. This omits the evaluation of the actual performa nce in each department. There is however a high likelihood of some of the departments doing very well, while others have poor performances. There is however no reflection of this in the KPI. Applying KPI at the department level would solve this problem. Finally, there is poor and low communication of the KPI to the engineer’s level. This makes information flow in this level inadequate. As a solution, proper communication of the KPI to all parties would solve all communication problems available. Research questions With reference to the hard factors of TQM, this research will try to establish how effectively GASCO utilizes these factors to achieve organizational performance. How efficiently does GASCO use TQM in achieving its organizational goals? To what extent does GASCO staff exhibit high quality standards in serving their customers? How effectively does GASCO as an organization use TQM in managing its projects? What is the overall impact of TQM in satisfactorily serving cu stomers at GASCO? To what extent does GASCO use TQM in its Business Support Activities? Objectives of the report TQM, being an important element in achieving organizational performance, contributes to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives (Salaheldin 2009, p. 216). The main objective of this report is establishing the extent to which TQM contributes to organizational performance, with reference to GASCO. Further, since there are two types of TQM, the soft factors and the hard factors, this report hopes to establish the impact of proper use and application of the hard factors in an organizational setting. Finally, it will establish whether there is any relationship between proper maintenance of QMS, relative to GASCO QMS. Aims of the report The main aim of this report is to establish whether GASCO has QMS and the impact that hard TQM factors have on the overall performance of the organization. Data analysis The time taken by employees in assessing resources significa ntly determines their output (Grover, et al. 2006, p. 450-458). Subsequently, this determines the overall organizational performance. The longer an employee takes while assessing resources; the lower is their level of productivity. According to data obtained, 11 respondents agreed that the period it takes for an employee to access resources was good. This positively contributes to overall organizat

Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Definition - Essay Example Many people have shown the attitude to persevere despite of the difficulties. As a result, they have helped and inspired many to do the same. In this paper, perseverance is defined in three distinct ways: the capability to endure hardships, hard work and committed to the task. Likewise, it will present three famous persons who have shown these characteristics and placed them in the pedestal of success making them good examples to young people. Perseverance is a virtue that entails the ability to endure many adversaries towards the attainment of a goal. This is something Helen Keller showed in her own life journey. We all know that Helen Keller wrote many poems and stories that are widely read by people young and old alike. The inspiring thing about her is that she is blind and deaf. Helen was born on June 27 1880 with the sense of sight and hearing. However, an unknown illness struck her when she was about a year and a half years old. Everyone in her family thought she was going to die. And then unexpectedly, after a few days, she got well. However, her mother noticed that Helen no longer responded to sound (like the ring of the bell) or sight stimuli. They then concluded that the illness has left her a mark which she suffered for the rest of her life. Towards her childhood years, Helen has been very hard to manage particularly when she throws tantrums and screams towards other members of the family. Upon the recommendati on of the family's friend Alexander Graham Bell, Helen's family finally decided to look for a teacher at the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind. Although difficult at first, Helen struggled to learn how to spell words using hand signals. With the efforts of her teacher Ann Sullivan, she continued to improve and master her skills despite of her condition. The highlight of her education happened when Anne brought her to the lake and spelled "water" in Helen's hand and the later immediately understood. From that moment, Helen's improvement was astounding as she could spell thirty new words that day including Anne's name. After this incident, Helen became famous because of an article that was written about her achievement. Eventually, she was also given a teacher to train her how to speak. Helen tried all her efforts to learn how to speak but was unsuccessful because her vocal chords were not fully developed. Still, this didn't stop her from pursuing her dreams. On 1891, she wrote the Frost King as a birthday gift for her friend Michael Agnos. Helen was also recognized as the first deafblind person to enter and finish a Bachelor of Arts degree in a higher learning institution. However, it was not easy for her as tons of school work further led to the deterioration of her eyesight. Helen soon travelled around the world giving lectures about her experiences. She has been an ambassador of faith and determination to many people. Perseverance also shows the spirit of service and commitment to people. Franklin D. Roosevelt is one of the famous American presidents because of the policies and political changes he started. His leadership started just in time when the unemployment rate is high and the economy was in slump. He proposed a program to bring relief to those who are unemployed, recover losses in business and enacted some reforms for the citizenry. Despite of all