God And Christian Life Essays - Christian Soteriology,

God And Christian Life A solid, dynamic, developing and upbeat Christian life requires a customary daily schedule of fellowship with God through petition, study His Word, and in Christian assistance to humanity. Like eating, dozing, and working out, it requests every day consideration. What's more, similar to our bodies, our otherworldly life rapidly shrivels and kicks the bucket without profound food. I. Discussing Your Mind with Him The account of Enoch is a incredible case of a man who invested a lot of energy in petition and fellowship with God. In reality He kept his psyche in line with God in each regard of his every day living?in thought, in word and in deed. To him supplication was as the breath of the spirit; he lived in the very climate of paradise. Since he lived so near God, he was meant paradise without seeing demise. How might we accomplish in our person life a similar heavenliness that described his, an express that will empower God to place us among the 144,000, to seal us, and to take us home with him without seeing passing? Companions, just Time Alone With God will give us the experience of Enoch. The supporters had buckled down satisfying Christ's dedication. In any case, presently after their arrival from their preacher venture. He welcomed them to resign to a calm spot with Him. They expected to appreciate a little rest as well as a time of close fellowship with the Savior. What's more, he said unto them, Come ye yourselves separated into a desert spot, and rest some time (Mark 6:31). In the close and private setting with the future witnesses, Jesus could convey uninhibitedly with them, right their mix-ups, energize them, reinforce them for the extraordinary errand they were soon to do. As did the followers, we also require the reviving organization of the wellspring of all force, solace, and knowledge. Each youngster of God fundamentally needs valuable snapshots of private fellowship with Him. In our hustles and stresses of life, even in crafted by God, each Christian must have time committed to his private dedications. The Master's caring rebuke to the occupied and concerned Martha additionally outlines this point. Martha, Martha, thou craftsmanship cautious and disturbed about numerous things: yet one thing is needful: and Mary hath picked that great part, which will not be detracted from her (Luke 10:41,42) Every one of us needs that great part, which will not be taken away?to sit unobtrusively at the feet of Jesus, similar to Mary, and collective with Him. In any case, the time factor is critical. As Enoch went through hours alone with God, we have to give enough time with Him. We live during a time of rush. Numerous voices require our consideration. Furthermore, we attempt to do everything quickly. Our gatherings, our introductions, our articles, our meetings, are short. Be that as it may, one thing still requires significant investment, even in our day. To build up an adoration relationship we should contribute time. The youngster who experiences passionate feelings for a young lady needs to invest as much energy as conceivable with her. As he courts her, he doesn't check time by the watch. Neither does she. Also, the additional time they take to be together, to impart with one another, the more they know one another, the more they welcome each other, the more extraordinary their affection becomes. Companions, our private hour of commitment alone with God is a totally crucial need. Each Christian must ruminate alone and talk with his Father alone. It was during his hour of disengagement with God when Jacob won his triumph, when his character got the required perfect touch and he thusly got his new name. Paul truly altered the entire point and course of his life during the three days he spent without anyone else with God after his experience with Jesus on the Damascus street. Without sight, he had sufficient opportunity to intercede on the sacred writings that alluded to the first appearance of Christ. Furthermore, there he yielded totally to the Spirit's voice. During his hour of isolation with God Elijah heard the still little voice of the Holy Spirit addressing his heart and bringing him fortitude and expectation. The Soul can speak with us much better when everything hushes up. On the off chance that we are not steady and customary in our reverential life, we are undependable. May God give us the ability to remove the unnecessary and optional things of life in request to commit more opportunity to day by day fellowship with God. At exactly that point will we have the solidarity to win life's fights

Chapter 12 Taxation and Income Distribution

Who really pays a duty b. Legitimate Incidence †who is lawfully liable for paying an expense c. Financial Incidence †who really pays the assessment d. Model †expense of $1 is set on $10 thing how is salary dispersion influenced I. Value remains at $10 †pay of merchant decreased ii. Costs ascends to $11 †pay of purchasers diminished iii. Value ascends to $10. 30 †purchasers pay $. 30 and merchants pay $. 70 e. To the degree charges influence amount sold and delivered, charge influences pay of providers of contributions for the item. I. Model: charge on gas decreases gas utilization it diminishes salary of gas big hauler truck proprietors and drivers. ii. May lessen the salary of heater fabricates by decreasing the cost of warming fuel. III. Expense Incidence Perspectives a. Individuals pay charges not organizations b. Step by step instructions to gather individuals for motivations behind expense frequency I. Regularly consider makers and customers 1. Be that as it may, buyers are additionally makers and makers are likewise purchasers 2. 0 of family units own stock legitimately, others own stock in a roundabout way ii. By salary Rich, Middle Class, Poor 1. How would you characterize these classifications? c. Assessment influence the two providers of information sources and buyers of an item. I. By and by will in general overlook one side and do examination on the other 1. Assessment in item overlook impacts on inputs 2. Expense on inputs, disregard sway on customers d. Occurrence relies upon how costs are resolved I. How expenses change costs figure out who pays the duties ii. Measure of time is significant †additional time greater change in accordance with charges e. Duty occurrence relies upon how charge incomes are spend . Progressiveness of assessment framework I. Approach says charge framework should be dynamic. ii. Higher pay a higher level of charges 1. Generally estimated as increment in normal duty rate charges/pay 2. Exceptions, derivations and peripheral rate structure influence normal assessment rate iii. 2 estimates 1. Rate change in charge rate separated by rate change in pay 2. Rate change in charges partitioned by the rate change in pay 3. Measures can create various outcomes IV. Fractional Equilibrium Models of Tax Incidence a. Breaks down effect of expense available in which assessment was forced b. Disregard effect of market change on different markets I. Fitting if charge is little ii. Fitting if advertise is little iii. In any case need general balance examination c. Duty frequency of a unit charge †charge per unit of the great I. Legitimate occurrence on purchasers †figure 12. 2 1. Duty decreases the interest bend for the item from the supplier’s perspective since at each value the shopper purchases less of the item. [pic] ii. Legitimate rate on dealer †figure 12. 3 1. Expense decreases the gracefully bend for the item from the consumer’s perspective since at each value the providers flexibly less of the item pic] iii. Monetary rate is free of legitimate occurrence 1. Show up at same Price, Quantity, and expense split whether or not charge is on maker or provider. a. Deals charge model iv. Expense frequency relies upon relative flexibilities of interest and gracefully v. Model Qd = 1,000 †5P and Qs = 4P †80 Tax $45 per unit [pic] d. Dut y occurrence of a promotion valorem charge †charge per unit of the great I. A rate charge instead of a unit charge ii. Deals charge when contrasted with fuel charge iii. Increasingly hard to ascertain however moves request as appeared in figure 12. V. Finance Tax Controversy a. Lawful rate 7. 5% paid by boss and 7. 5% paid by representative b. Legal differentiation among business and worker is superfluous c. Monetary split relies upon flexibility of gracefully of work d. Legitimate that the work flexibly is genuinely inelastic I. Family unit gives certain measure of work paying little heed to wage ii. May not be valid in since a long time ago run VI. Duty on Capital a. Progressively capital flawlessly portable b. Moved to where return is most elevated in the wake of changing for hazard c. Pace of profit for capital same wherever in world d. No single nation can make providers of capital bear any segment of an expense on capital VII. Assessments in business sectors with restraining infrastructure power a. Effect of assessments same as in serious markets b. Customers and monopolist share charge contingent upon the versatility of interest c. Figure 12. 10 VIII. Charges in oligopoly advertises a. Effect of charges hard to decide b. Cost increment coming about because of decrease in yield coming about because of the duty may make an organization increasingly beneficial IX. Duty on benefits a. Expense on typical benefits decrease speculation since benefit is return on capital and hazard b. Duty on financial benefits conceived totally by organization with change in conduct c. Appropriate perfect duty yet not extremely operational X. Duty Incidence and Capitalization a. Assessment increment on land is promoted into PV of property b. Borne altogether proprietors at time charge is collected c. May be repaid if open consumptions increment property estimations XI. General Equilibrium Models a. Peruse first passage P 271 b. For the most part not operational [pic] â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ Po Pg Pn Q0 Q1 Supply ConsumerDemand Supplier Perceived Demand Tax paid by Consumers Tax paid by Suppliers Deadweight Loss from Tax Consumer Losses and Producers misfortunes Po Pg Pn Q0 Q1 Supply Demand Consumer Perceived Supply Tax paid by Consumers Tax paid by Suppliers Deadweight Loss Consumer Losses and Producer misfortunes Deadweight Loss Consumer Losses and Producer misfortunes Tax paid by Suppliers Tax paid by Consumers Consumer Perceived Supply Demand Supply 300 400 95 140 120 Deadweight Loss from Tax Consumer Losses and Producers misfortunes Tax paid by Suppliers Tax paid by Consumers Supplier Perceived Demand ConsumerDemand Supply 300 400 95 20 200 120 140 Part 12 Taxation and Income Distribution Who really pays an expense b. Legitimate Incidence †who is lawfully answerable for paying an expense c. Monetary Incidence †who really pays the assessment d. Model †assessment of $1 is put on $10 thing how is salary circulation influenced I. Value remains at $10 †salary of dealer decreased ii. Costs ascends to $11 †pay of purchasers diminished iii. Value ascends to $10. 30 †purchasers pay $. 30 and dealers pay $. 70 e. To the degree charges influence amount sold and created, charge influences salary of providers of contributions for the item. I. Model: charge on gas decreases gas utilization it lessens salary of gas big hauler truck proprietors and drivers. ii. May decrease the pay of heater produces by lessening the cost of warming fuel. III. Assessment Incidence Perspectives a. Individuals pay charges not companies b. The most effective method to aggregate individuals for reasons for charge rate I. Frequently consider makers and buyers 1. In any case, shoppers are additionally makers and makers are likewise purchasers 2. 0 of family units own stock legitimately, others own stock by implication ii. By pay Rich, Middle Class, Poor 1. How would you characterize these classifications? c. Expense influence the two providers of data sources and buyers of an item. I. By and by will in general overlook one side and do examination on the other 1. Duty in item overlook impacts on inputs 2. Duty on inputs, disregard sway on shoppers d. Frequency relies upon how costs are resolved I. How expenses change costs figure out who pays the assessments ii. Measure of time is significant †additional time greater acclimation to charges e. Assessment rate relies upon how charge incomes are spend . Progressiveness of duty framework I. Arrangement says charge framework should be dynamic. ii. Higher pay a higher level of assessments 1. Normally estimated as increment in normal assessment rate charges/salary 2. Exclusions, reasonings and minor rate structure influence normal assessment rate iii. 2 estimates 1. Rate change in charge rate partitioned by rate change in salary 2. Rate change in charges partitioned by the rate change in salary 3. Measures can create various outcomes IV. Halfway Equilibrium Models of Tax Incidence a. Breaks down effect of expense available in which assessment was forced b. Overlook effect of market change on different markets I. Fitting if charge is little ii. Suitable if showcase is little iii. In any case need general balance investigation c. Duty frequency of a unit charge †charge per unit of the great I. Legitimate rate on purchasers †figure 12. 2 1. Assessment diminishes the interest bend for the item from the supplier’s perspective since at each value the purchaser purchases less of the item. [pic] ii. Lawful occurrence on vender †figure 12. 3 1. Duty lessens the gracefully bend for the item from the consumer’s perspective since at each value the providers flexibly less of the item pic] iii. Monetary frequency is autonomous of legitimate rate 1. Show up at same Price, Quantity, and assessment split whether or not charge is on maker or provider. a. Deals charge model iv. Duty frequency relies upon relative versatilities of interest and flexibly v. Model Qd = 1,000 †5P and Qs = 4P †80 Tax $45 per unit [pic] d. Duty rate of a promotion valorem charge †charge per unit of the great I. A rate charge instead of a unit charge ii. Deals charge when contrasted with gas charge iii. Progressively hard to ascertain yet moves request as appeared in figure 12. V. Finance Tax Controversy a. Lawful frequency 7. 5% paid by boss and 7. 5% paid by worker b. Legal differentiation among boss and worker is insignificant c. Monetary split relies upon flexibility of gracefully of work d. Intelligent that the work gracefully is genuinely inelastic I. Family unit gives certain measure of work paying little heed to wage ii. May not be valid in since quite a while ago run VI. Duty on Capital a. Progressively capital flawlessly portable b. Moved to where return is most noteworthy in the wake of modifying for chance c. Pace of profit for capital same wherever in world d. No single nation can make providers of capital bear any segment of an expense on capital VII. Charges in business sectors with imposing business model force a. Effect of expenses same as in serious markets b. Customers and monopolist share charge contingent upon the flexibility of interest c. Figure 12. 10 VIII. Charges in oligopoly showcases a. Effect o

History of the IRA essays

History of the IRA papers There are numerous fear monger bunches all through the world. There are scarcely any in any case, that are as old as the Irish Republican Army. The IRA is no doubt the most seasoned fear based oppressor association on the planet today. The Irish Republican Army battles for Ireland's freedom from the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The historical backdrop of the Irish Republican Army returns an exceptionally prolonged stretch of time The association from which present day Irish republicans follow their causes - the United Irishmen of the 1790s. Enlivened by the case of the American War of Independence and by the majority rule beliefs of the French Revolution, the United Irishmen tried to join the individuals of Ireland in a typical exertion to accomplish uniformity and opportunity. Picking peaceful intends to win their points, the United Irishmen were immediately met with a forceful reaction from the British government. It was at exactly that point that they practiced their privilege as Irish individuals to safeguard their freedom by the utilization of arms. It was an example that should have been rehashed a few times in the following century and a half. Furnished uprisings contrary to British standard occurred in 1798, 1803, 1848 and 1867. The 45 years somewhere in the range of 1803 and 1848 saw the Irish populace assembled in one of the principal mass developments for political change throughout the entire existence of Europe. The interest for administrative freedom for Ireland was denied by the British government. The Great Hunger of 1845-1852 saw a million people starve and a million more emigrate yet this fiasco came to pass for an unarmed people and there was just inconsistent opposition. The doomed uprising of 1848 was limited. The exercises of this period were not lost on succeeding ages of Irish nationalists and the Fenian Movement of the late 1850s and 1860s won across the board support in Ireland and America for its program of outfitted battle to accomplish an Irish Republic. The uprising of 1867 was squashed and an additional 49 years were to go before Irish patriots endeavored an outfitted resista... <!

Transformation Is Run By Ceo Carole Anne Hilton - 1551 Words

Transformation is an organization that focuses on community development and the social and economic capacity among First Nations communities. Their entire development and business goal is to establish governing structures, managing systems, and business development for First Nations people in order to establish a bright and structured future. Transformation is run by CEO Carole Anne Hilton who is driven by her ancestry and her passion to help struggling people. Hilton built the company off of the foundation of social and economic needs. Conventionally, Hilton runs her company to inspire people to financially thrive and be engaged in the community which assists everyone. Hilton has a main focus on economic because there is little to do when†¦show more content†¦Transformation runs their business in a way that designs work where people can be empowered and they have to carefully choose who the best employee for the job is. Helen M. Haugh, in her article â€Å"How Do Corporati ons Embed Sustainability Across the Organization?† says that, â€Å"[s]ustainability can be implemented through designing company structures and policies that embody the principles of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Integrating sustainability principles into an organization requires decisions concerning with whom, where, and how this responsibility will be managed.† (Haugh, 388) This gives a great example of how company structure and policy should look. Along with looking at how to fit the correct task for the right individual, Transformation also focuses on how their business is governed and run. Transformation is not just a business, it is a responsibility. Sustainability is evident in the management of the organization because they stand by their motto, â€Å"Uniting business and culture†. What this means for the management is that they not only focus of the business world but try to combine the business world with the relational world. Th ey move more towards the designing of procedures rather than just protocol. Transformation focuses on creating an atmosphere where they are able to remove language barriers and have responsibility to create a sustainable

A Review Of A Reading Guide to Descartes Meditations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1354 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Rene Descartes Essay Did you like this example? Emanuela Scribanos guide to Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy is extremely insightful to understanding 17th century philosophy, and the adaptation of Aristotelian Scholastic philosophy to Descartes practical philosophy. Scribanos vivid comprehension of Meditations is apparent through her rich analyses and ability to reference Descartes directly to aid her claims. Clearly and effectively writing in the Genesis of the Work, Scribano credits Descartes to delving into metaphysics in a way previous philosophers regretted to do. In the Meditations, she explains, Descartes is firm in establishing God and the mind on a purely scientific foundation. Scribano credits the Cartesian decision to make oneself as a purely thinking thing apart of the foundation of the new science. Accordingly, the self in the Meditations is the author of the narration (Scribano 21) where truths are discovered before the eyes of the reader. The Metaphysical work Scribano insists is ordering apart from the infinite, pivoting on what one can know to be absolutely true, starting from the finite subject The self, then, is both the protagonist and the center of the Cartesian system of metaphysics (21). Scribano flows through the development of Cartesian physics, beginning with the First Meditation, which lays the foundations and establishes firm and lasting discoveries in the new sciences. In order to carve a precise foundation for the new sciences to lay on, Descartes must prove his findings to be indubitable and purely objective. To arrive at a distinction of what is to all and what is to an individual (subjective), Descartes proves the composite things to be doubtful, such as astronomy, physics, medicine, time, and matter. In his findings, and eloquently explained by Scribano, the simple natures or indubitable truths, are only arithmetic and geometry. In order to arrive at an unshakeable foundation, the meditator is left with no other means than to doubt everything they had accepted to be true. Now, if there is any inclination to doubt a statement, readers become forced to set these notions aside as if it were false. Scribanos ability to personify the Cartesian doubt is helpful in gaining insight on the senses ability to deceive even those who are the masters or proprietors of their studies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Review Of A Reading Guide to Descartes Meditations" essay for you Create order The main character of the Cartesian scenario is split in two; an old self and a meditating self, in which the meditating self conducts an investigation, subjecting the old self into question the grounds of her beliefs. The old self attempts to chastise the meditating self, but in turn is left with fewer opinions that she can continue to believe because of the meditating selfs ability to convince. Scribano effectively transcribes the transitional point in Descartes philosophy, where I think, therefore I exist, morphs into I am, I exist. By exempting the therefore in this claim, there is no reliance on the action of thought in order to exist. The proposition I am, I exist, emerges as the first certainty in which Descartes arrives at. Scribano notes that the cogito is not original with Descartes, however. What Scribano constitutes as original to Descartes, is using the cogito to draw conclusions about the nature of the meditators mind. Thinking, therefore, involved not intelligible species as the Scholastic philosophers had once thought, but ideas implanted in the mind through God. Descartes concurs that God is endowed to a much greater degree than he is, and is an omniscient and omnipotent God. However, both his will and Gods will are comparable. Will consists of the ability to make judgment despite not having complete knowledge of an event. What is different between God and Descartes, is Gods intellect being equivalent to his will, meaning he is exempt from error. Humans, are not exempt from error, due to their freedom of choice exceeding their knowledge. Human intellect only provides room to perceive ideas, not to mak e judgements on them, therefor disproving it as a source of error alone. However, will, which is infinite, allows the ability to affirm or deny the claims made by ones intellect. The mere ability to think, is in it of itself enough to provide enough certainty to the existence of being. Later in the analysis of the work, Scribano delves into Descartes in-famous wax example. She explains the idea of extension as a necessary condition for clearly perceiving any features of the wax. Therefore, innate Cartesian ideas, which in origin are intellectual, allow one to realize the components that provide structure to experience and make it possible, and contrary to basic knowledge, not obtained through experience itself. A Priori knowledge is then introduced, and thought to be the idea that there is certain knowledge in which one is born with in advanced, and acquires by means of sensory perception. Throughout her commentary, Scribano analysis the role of the self, and the knowledge of the self opposed to the knowledge of the bodies (as Scholastics had thought), as well as the direct divine assistance in which the Augistinians held traditional. She is able to note that Cartesian innate ideas differ expediently from Kantian forms of intuition and understanding. Descartes innate ideas, as noted by Scribano, serve not only as functioning molds for philosophy, but possess their own content that are of enough substance to gain information about how the external world is structured. Scribano provides enough background information to inform the reader on traditional philosophy if they are unfamiliar. Being able to reference Plato and Aristotle, and St. Augustine aids her commentary and allows for a better reading experience and enriched comprehension. I think that Scribanos analysis of the Meditations is an essential text that should be read by all. She takes what is a intellectually complex topic and morphs it into a simplistic yet thorough explanation. She carefully credits Descartes in the remarkable philosophical findings of the 17th century, as well as interjects some ways in which she thinks the text is ought to be perceived as. By simplifying the main arguments of the six Meditations, the text is enjoyable and easy to follow along with. The purpose of the Meditations is for the reader to unlock knowledge that is already had, but not yet accessible. The Discourse Scribano writes serves as a map for readers that slowly walk them through the process to unlock these truths for themselves. She appropriately, and with clarity explains Descartes initiation to the study of the mind and the soul in retrospect to the choices one makes, and knowledge one obtains. She credits Descartes with being a hero for modern philosophy, and the pseudo-problem that heterogeneity between the mind and body introduces. When commentating on the Nature of the Self, Scribano scribes that it would be an error to liken Cartesian doubt in the first meditation to classic skepticism, as it is likewise erroneous to consider the revival of skeptical arguments against the sensible knowledge that has nothing to do with the Cartesian enterprise. In this segment, she drives home the importance of being able to asses possibilities of knowledge independent from bodies. Scribano also notes Descartes aim to move against the Scholastic tradition through his works in metaphysics. Suggesting that, the knowledge of bodies depends on the sole nature of the mind, that which is immaterial is the condition for knowledge of that which is material. She vindicates his claims and provides further evidence to support his findings through his philosophy. She says that the more the reader delves into the logic of habitual reasoning and stir up results that might contradict their thoughts, the more convinced the reader is likely to be. Scribanos notes are both vindicating of Descartes original thoughts in the Meditations, and enjoyable to read. Her understanding of the culture and insight into the mind of the 17th century philosopher is unmatched and top tier. There are no shortcomings of her accuracy and attention to detail to the original Meditations. If one had not been familiar with philosophy, this would be the perfect book to read. This aids in understanding the complexity of the ideas Descartes presents. There is a clear distinction between Scribanos thoughts, and Descartes original proclamations, which provides clarity and is effective in establishing her poise as an author.

Measurement Is A Significant Area Of Maths - 1234 Words

Measurement Essay Sam Nicholson 30114222 Measurement is a significant area in the curriculum, as it can â€Å"make or break a child’s confidence in mathematics† (Kefaloukos Bobis, 2011, p. 19). Therefore teachers play a crucial role in teaching this area of maths. Firstly, it is important to consider what skills children have with regard to measurement when they start school. This guides teachers with an appropriate level to begin. Secondly, teachers need to know some engaging ways to teach measurement. Teachers also need to know how to adjust their teaching when necessary to cater for a varied range of abilities. What is ‘measurement’? In 2000, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics provided a definition of ‘Measurement’ as being a process by which a number is assigned to an attribute of an object or event (McDonald, 2013). This understanding that objects and events can be evaluated in areas such as weight and length begins well before children start school (McDonald, 2013). Three year old children begin to understand how long events may last. They also start to understand weight but don’t know how to measure it (McDonald, 2013). Four year olds begin to learn the vocabulary associated with measurement and start using informal measurement tools, such as hands and pencils. Most students starting school understand that more formal measuring tools exist and how these tools are used. TheseShow MoreRelatedMath : Why Pi And Pie Are Not So Different1144 Words   |  5 PagesMATH IS BEAUTIFUL Mouthwatering Math: Why Pi and Pie Are Not So Different Emilio Martinez Vanessa Migliozzi Group 566-15 Mr. De Luca January 15, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page 3 The History of Cuisine Page 3 The Importance of Math in Cuisine Page 3 The Infinitude of Food Page 4 The Modification of Recipes Page 5 The Role of Ingredients Page 5 Conclusion Page 6 Bibilography Page 7 â€Å"E ating is a necessity, but cooking is an art†. 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Accounting Concept & Practices Financial Performances

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Concept Practicesfor Financial Performances. Answer: Introduction:- The stakeholders often use the financial statements of various companies to compare and evaluate the financial performances and positions of the business firm. However, they often face several issues to compare the performances of the different companies on the basis of the financial statements. The main issues, which affect the evaluation processes, are the differences in the accounting methods and principles, adopted by the different companies. Such differences lead to different outcomes for same type of transactions or events. In such cases, the users of the financial statements cannot compare the outcomes effectively and take proper investment-related or other financial decision in accordance to the outcomes (Armstrong et al., 2015). Nestle is a popular Swiss company, which deal with producing and marketing food items. It has extended its business operation in all over the world. The financial statements of Nestle Ltd. are compared with those of Patties Foods and Kraft Foods, based in Australia and America respectively to evaluate the financial performance of Nestle Ltd. However, it should be noted that the three companies belong to three different countries. The accounting rules and methods, followed by each company might be different from each other in many aspects. Therefore, it is very necessary to consider the aspects, which can cause discrepancies in the outcomes of the financial statements, before commencing the comparison amongst the companies (Nobes, 2014). The major factors, which should be considered carefully, are discussed below: Accounting Convention Accounting Standards:- Nestle Ltd. uses to prepare the consolidated financial statements in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS), as stated by International Accounting Standard Boards (IASB) and the guidelines of Swiss Law. The statements are prepared on the basis of accrual method and historical cost convention concept. The financial year for the company ends on 31st December. Patties Foods is based on Australia and hence, apart from complying with IFRS, it also follows the rules of Australian Accounting Standard Board, (AASB), Urgent Issues Group Interpretations (UIGI) and Corporation Act, 2001. As the financial statements of the company are prepared in accordance to IFRS, the company also follows historical cost convention method. The accounting year of the company closed at 30th June. On the other hand, Kraft Foods is an American food company, which considers the US GAAP standard as issued by Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB), which is very popular amongst the American companies. The company closes all its accounts on 31st December. The company uses to record some assets as per historical costs and some at the lower of cost or market price. Now, as the accounting standards, and related guidelines, followed by the companies, are not same, the process of recording and disclosing any transaction or event become different also. Moreover, the closing dates of each company are also not identical. Therefore, the present value of the financial outcome of each company cannot be compared with each other due to different closing period (Pratt,2013).Moreover, every country has its own accounting culture, which reflects in the related corporate laws. The corporate laws influence the financial reporting of the companies, which causes discrepancies in the corporate reporting of different companies from different countries (Frias?Aceituno et al., 2014). Consolidate Companies:- Nestle Ltd. and Patties Foods both use to consolidate the financial report with all its subsidiaries and associates, even if the subsidiaries and associate are not fully owned by the companies. Kraft Foods includes the subsidiaries, which are wholly-owned only, for consolidated financial reporting. It does not incorporate the companies as associates, where the company does not have full voting right. It implies that the financial statements of Nestle and Patties Food reflect the financial performances of its associates and subsidiaries also, which are not fully controlled by the respective companies. Kraft Foods exhibits the performances of the associates, which are under full control of the company only (Leuz Wysocki, 2015). Foreign Currencies:- Nestle uses to convert its foreign currencies in various forms. Non-Monetary assets and liabilities are recorded at historical exchange rate. On the other hand, there are many events, which are recorded at the exchange rate either on the date of the event or as per the forward contract. Kraft Food record the foreign transactions mostly at forward foreign exchange rate, whereas, Patties Food follows same method as Nestle. The difference is recording the foreign transactions causes problem in comparing the value of various foreign currency related financial items. Moreover, the home currencies of the three companies are also different. Hence, the currency exchange rates, applied for conversions, use to be different also with each other (Balakrishnan et al., 2014). Conclusion:- From the above discussion, it can be stated that if the stakeholders have to evaluate Nestle Ltd. by comparing its performance with Patties Food and Kraft Food, then they should minimize the discrepancies, explained above. Otherwise, the comparison would not be proper. The stakeholders should measure all the financial items of each company under any single method, which can be applicable and appropriate for all the companies. Requirement A:- In the Books of Salzer Graphics Adjustment Journal Entries Dr. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Amount 30/06/2013 Supplies A/c. Dr. $1,300 To, Supplies Expenses A/c. $1,300 Interest Expenses A/c. Dr. $2,000 To, Interest Payable A/c. $2,000 Prepaid Insurance A/c. Dr. $1,200 To, Insurance Expenses A/c. $1,200 Accounts Receivable A/c. Dr. $1,100 To, Unearned Consulting Revenue A/c. $1,100 Accounts Receivable A/c. Dr. $2,000 To, Graphic Revenue A/c. $2,000 Depreciation Expenses A/c. Dr. $1,500 To, Accumulated Depreciation A/c. $1,500 Requirement B:- In the Books of Salzer Graphic Adjustment Worksheet as on 30/06/2013 Trial Balance Adjustment Adjusted Trial Balance Particulars Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Cash $9,500 $9,500 Accounts Receivable $14,000 $3,100 $17,100 Equipment $45,000 $45,000 Insurance Expenses $1,800 $1,200 $600 Salaries Expenses $30,000 $30,000 Supplies Expenses $3,700 $1,300 $2,400 Advertising Expenses $1,900 $1,900 Rent Expenses $1,500 $1,500 Utilities Expenses $1,700 $1,700 Notes Payable $20,000 $20,000 Accounts Payable $9,000 $9,000 Jill Salzer, Capital $22,000 $22,000 Graphic Revenue $52,100 $2,000 $54,100 Consulting Revenue $6,000 $6,000 Supplies in hand $1,300 $1,300 Interest Expenses $2,000 $2,000 Interest Payable $2,000 $2,000 Prepaid Insurance $1,200 $1,200 Unearned Consulting Revenue $1,100 $1,100 Depreciation Expenses $1,500 $1,500 Accumulated Depreciation $1,500 $1,500 TOTAL $109,100 $109,100 $9,100 $9,100 $115,700 $115,700 Requirement C:- In the books of Salzer Graphics Income Statement For the period ended 30/06/2013 Particulars Amount Amount Revenue: Graphic Revenue $54,100 Consulting Revenue $6,000 Total Revenue $60,100 Expenses: Insurance Expenses ($600) Salaries Expenses ($30,000) Supplies Expenses ($2,400) Advertising Expenses ($1,900) Rent Expenses ($1,500) Utilities Expenses ($1,700) Depreciation Expenses ($1,500) Total Operating Expenses ($39,600) Net Operating Profit before Interest $20,500 Interest Expenses ($2,000) Net Profit for the period $18,500 In the books of Salzer Graphics Statement of Change in Equity For the period ended 30/06/2013 Particulars Amount Amount Jill Salzer, Capital $22,000 Add: Additional Capital $0 Jill Salzer, Closing Capital $22,000 Opening Retained Earnings $0 Add: Net Profit for the period $18,500 Less: Drawings $0 Closing Retained Earnings $18,500 In the books of Salzer Graphics Balance Sheet as on 30/06/2013 Particulars Amount Amount Current Assets: Cash $9,500 Accounts Receivable $17,100 Supplies in Hand $1,300 Prepaid Insurance $1,200 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS $29,100 Non-Current Assets: Equipment $45,000 Less: Accumulated Depreciation ($1,500) $43,500 TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS $43,500 TOTAL ASSETS $72,600 Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable $9,000 Interest Payable $2,000 Unearned Consulting Revenue $1,100 Notes Payable $20,000 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES $32,100 TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES $0 TOTAL LIABILITIES $32,100 Equity: Jill Salzer, Capital $22,000 Retained Earnings $18,500 TOTAL EQUITY $40,500 TOTAL LIABILITIES EQUITY $72,600 References Bibliography:- Armstrong, C., Guay, W. 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